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1A Chem > Shapes and Structures 1 - Basic Stuff > Flashcards

Shapes and Structures 1 - Basic Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What does a bold bond mean?

A

Out of plane of the paper

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2
Q

What does a hashed bond mean?

A

Back into the plane of the paper

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3
Q

What does a dashed bond mean?

A

A partial bond

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4
Q

In skeletal, how are triple bonds done?

A

Linear

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5
Q

Which model of benzene is preferable and why?

A

3 double bond one over circle benzene

Better for curly arrow mechanisms

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6
Q

What is Me short for?

A

Methyl

-CH3

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7
Q

What is Et short for?

A

Ethyl

-CH2CH3

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8
Q

What is nPr short for?

A

Normal propyl

-CH2CH2CH3

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9
Q

What is iPr short for?

A

Isopropyl

-CH(CH3)2

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10
Q

What is nBu short for?

A

Normal butyl

-CH2CH2CH2CH3

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11
Q

What is tBu short for?

A

Tertiary butyl

-C(CH3)3

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12
Q

What is Ac short for?

A

Acetyl

CH3CO-

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13
Q

What is Ph short for?

A

Phenyl

-C6H5

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14
Q

What is R short for?

A

Any alkyl group

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15
Q

What is Ar short for?

A

Any aryl group

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16
Q

How is a formal charge worked out?

A

Nv - Ne
Nv = valence electrons for neutral atom
Ne = bonding pairs x 1 + lone pairs x 2

17
Q

Name of CH3COCH3

A

Acetone

18
Q

Name of CH3COOH

A

Acetic acid

19
Q

Name of CH3CH2OCH2CH3

A

(diethyl) ether

20
Q

Name of C6H5CH3

A

Toluene

21
Q

Name of CH3COOCOCH3

A

Acetic anhydride

22
Q

Name of CHCl3

A

Chloroform

23
Q

Spacing between atoms is comparable to what?

A

Wavelength of X-rays

24
Q

What does X-ray crystallography show or not show?

A

Shows: the position of atoms, uncertainty in the position of atoms and bond lengths
Doesn’t show: double or triple bonds

25
Q

What does X-ray crystallography produce?

A

Electron density maps

26
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of X-ray crystallography

A

Advantages: Ultimate method for structural information, gives the location of all atoms
Disadvantages: Need good quality crystals, can be hard to locate H atoms

27
Q

What is the crude way to ionise a sample for mass spectrometry?

A

Knock electrons out by firing high energy electrons at the vapour
M+ positive molecular ion yielded

28
Q

Outline the electrospray method of ionisation

A

Sample introduced as charged aerosol droplets
The solvent evaporates in vacuum leaving charged molecules
Detect molecule with ion stuck on
Ion can be +ve or -ve

29
Q

Outline MS/MS technique

A 
Ionize sample
Form molecular ion + fragments
Isolate ion
'parent ion'
Fragment
'daughter ions'
30
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of mass spectrometry

A

Advantages: gives molecular formula, excellent for analysis of mixtures, a tiny sample is needed
Disadvantages: difficult to interpret, especially for unknowns

1A Chem (10 decks)

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