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Civics > Sharing Power Exam > Flashcards

Sharing Power Exam Flashcards

1
Q

citizen

A

a person who is native or naturalized to a country

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2
Q

public policy

A

a course of action accepted or used by a government to respond to a problem
includes the ways a government responds to a public issue

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3
Q

justice

A

fairness under law

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4
Q

federal, state and local governments all have

A

a say in how people are governed

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5
Q

public policy and the court system

A

are important means through which citizens can contribute to society and seek justice

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6
Q

governments exist to

A

maintain order and address public problems

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7
Q

US government is

A

based on federalism

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8
Q

federalism

A

division of powers among local, state and national governments
way to spread out power and authority
prevents 1 group or person from being too powerful

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9
Q

unitary government

A

a form of government in which local and state governments get their powers from a strong central government and are under the control of the central government

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10
Q

some nations have

A

a unitary government

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11
Q

delegated powers

A

powers granted to the national government by the US constitution

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12
Q

enumerated powers

A

function or power delegated to a specific government branch by a constitution

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13
Q

US constitution

A

outlines the structure and organization of the central or national government

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14
Q

reserved powers

A

powers of the state governments not given to the national government or denied to the states

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15
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by the national, state and/or local governments

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16
Q

delegated to the national government

A

the power to: coin and print money, make agreements with foreign nations, organize and control trade between states and with other nations, raise and support military forces, declare war and make peace, establish post offices and interstate highways, govern US territories and admit new states and create rules and laws for people who wish to move into the nation and how they become citizens

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17
Q

concurrent or shared powers

A

the power to: raise and collect taxes, borrow money, establish courts, grant permissions to start banks, enforce laws and punish lawbreakers, provide health care services and other assistance to people

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18
Q

reserved to the state governments

A

the power to: create a local government, set up businesses, build and support public schools, organize and control trade within the state, conduct elections, determine rules for voting such as living in the district where the person votes, make marriage laws, determine the requirements for professional workers

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19
Q

the 10th amendment

A

reserves powers to the states

are not specifically delegated or assigned to the central government

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20
Q

governor

A

the top executive of a state government

elected by residents of that state

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21
Q

executive branch

A

part of government responsible for enforcing laws

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22
Q

states have a governor who is the

A

head of the executive branch and their own legislative and judicial branch and their own constitution

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23
Q

legislative branch

A

part of the government responsible for making laws

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24
Q

judicial branch

A

part of government respnsible for enforcing laws

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25
Q

state constitution

A

longer and have more detail
more specific about what each state government must do to serve the people within that state
determine how local governments should function in that state

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26
Q

community

A

a group of people who live in the same area

have a common background or share similar intrests

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27
Q

infrastructure

A

basic physical systems of a community’s people including roads, electric power, and water supply

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28
Q

state laws arrange

A

law enforcement, wast management, fire protection, local infrastructure, etc

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29
Q

municipality

A

city, town or other area that has its own government

may have a mayor or city commision that leads it

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30
Q

special purpose districts

A

local government units that organize and monitor a service or set of services separate from the city, county or other traditional local governments
ex. port authorities

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31
Q

efficient

A

well organized and able to achieve goals with minimum resources, time and effort

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32
Q

US

A

group of 50 states

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33
Q

republic

A

a form of government where the people elect leaders to make decisions on their behalf

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34
Q

separation of powers

A

dividing government powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches

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35
Q

bicameral legislatures

A

part of government that makes laws
consisting of 2 houses
every state has it except Nebraska

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36
Q

unicameral legislatures

A

part of government that makes laws
consists of 1 house
Nebraska has it

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37
Q

appeal

A

a formal request to a higher authority

requesting a change of decision

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38
Q

initiative

A

process in many US states that allow citizens to introduce ideas for new laws to the state legislature
allows citizens to draft laws and a constitutional amendment for possible placement on the ballot of the next election

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39
Q

constitution of Florida was ratified in

A

1968

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40
Q

referendum

A

process in many US states that allows citizens to introduce ideas for changing existing laws to the state legislature
lets citizens vote on laws already passed by the state legislature
if it passes the law is removed

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41
Q

Florida constitution has

A

12 articles, a preamble, and amendments

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42
Q

Florida’s government

A

legislature - has 2 houses (senate and house of representatives)
executive - has a governor and lieutenant governor
judicial - has a supreme court, district court of appeal, circuit courts and county courts

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43
Q

between 1968 and 2006 Florida constitution has been amended

A

22 times

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44
Q

Florida has

A

5 ways to propose and 1 way to ratify

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45
Q

ballot initiative (Florida proposal)

A

committee of people gather enough signatures to support an idea then the state can place it on the next election ballot
most common

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46
Q

constitutional convention (Florida proposal)

A

Florida voters gather enough signatures to support a special meeting then state legislature votes on whether to have the meeting about the idea

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47
Q

constitutional revision commission (Florida proposal)

A

committee of 37 members meets every 20 years to study the state constitution and recommended revisions

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48
Q

legislative joint resolution (Florida proposal)

A

3/5 of both houses can approve an idea

the state will place it on the next election ballot

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49
Q

taxation and budget reform commission (Florida proposal)

A

a committee that meets every 20 yrs and focuses on whether to amend the state budget rules

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50
Q

majority vote (Florida ratification)

A

over 50% of voters must vote yes to the idea on Election day

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51
Q

Florida has

A

40 senators and 120 state representatives

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52
Q

Florida senators and representatives

A

must be at least 21 and a Florida resident for at least 2 yrs
senators serve 4 yr terms
representatives serve 2 yr terms and be 25 yrs old

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53
Q

bill

A

an idea for a law
discuessed and voted on by law makers
must go through many steps to become a law

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54
Q

FL legislature

A

meets for a 60-day session in March every yr
they debate making new laws or changing old ones
they go into committees to study the bill then they would edit it and recommend to the rest of the legislature to pass or drop it

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55
Q

FL legislative branch

A

house of representatives
senate
auditor general
commission on ethics

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56
Q

Article 3 Section 1 Composition (FL)

A

senate - 1 senator elected from each senatorial district

representatives - 1 is elected from each representative district

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57
Q

auditor general

A

completes financial and performance audits (reviews) of state agencies and their records

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58
Q

commision of ethics

A

group of 9 appointed people who serve 2 yr terms
oversee and write rules for proper behavior of state officials and employees
investigate complaints against state officials or employees

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59
Q

cabinet

A

group of officials who advise an executive

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60
Q

term limit

A

restriction in law on the number of terms an official may serve in 1 position

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61
Q

state militia

A

reserve military force that the governor can call on for emergencies

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62
Q

FL governor

A

has a 4 yr term

can only serve 2 terms in a row

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63
Q

FL lieutenant governor

A

like US vice president
has a 4 yr term
serves as governor if absent or cant serve

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64
Q

FL attorney general

A

chief legal officer

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65
Q

chief financial officer

A

monitor the collecting and spending of state funds

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66
Q

commissioner of agriculture

A

monitor safety of food and products people purchase in FL

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67
Q

voters elect

A

FL cabinet

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68
Q

FL executive branch

A 
governor
lieutenant governor
attorney general
chief financial officer
commissioner of agriculture
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69
Q

FL cabinet

A

attorney general
chief financial officer
commissioner of agriculture

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70
Q

state attorney

A

prosecutes cases against those accused of breaking FL law

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71
Q

public defenders

A

work as lawyers for citizens who need but can’t afford one

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72
Q

circuit courts

A

higher than county court
there are 20
depending on state law some cases are heard 1st in this court

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73
Q

FL’s 5 district courts of appeal

A

where citizens appeal cases

3-panel judge reviews cases

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74
Q

FL supreme court

A

in Tallahassee
the highest court in the state
6 justices and 1 chief
serve 6 yr terms

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75
Q

FL judicial

A 
supreme court
district courts of appeal
circuit courts
county courts
state attorney
public defender
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76
Q

declaration of rights

A

1st article in FL constitution
lists 27 rights of Fl citizens
more specific than Bill of Rights

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77
Q

law

A

a rule established by the government or another source of authority to regulate people’s conduct or activities

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78
Q

rule of law

A

a principle that both those who govern and those who are governed must obey the law and are subject to the same laws

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79
Q

accountable

A

responsible

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80
Q

government leaders and officers are

A

held responsible for their choices

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81
Q

transparency

A

in government

mean that official actions and decisions are open and available as public info

82
Q

privilege

A

advantage, right or benefit that isn’t available to everyone

83
Q

ticket

A

a notice that someone committed a traffic or parking offense and must pay a fine or appear in court

84
Q

law enforcement

A

agencies that make sure people obey the law

85
Q

chaos

A

complete disorder and confusion

86
Q

rule of law protects

A

your safety and rights

87
Q

rule of law states

A

that no one is above the law

88
Q

the government must

A

obey laws and the constitution

89
Q

12 tables

A

the first set of written laws for the Roman Republic

were about marriage, property, etc.

90
Q

Justinian’s code

A

collection of laws formed with the support of the Byzantine emperor Justinian 1
gave an organization system to Roman laws

91
Q

Byzantine empire

A

the eastern part of the Roman empire

lasted from the 300s-1453 CE

92
Q

civil law

A

the law created by government leaders that relate to the rights of private citizens

93
Q

common law

A

law based on the decisions of court and tradition

in England, it became the main basis for settling issues in the middle ages

94
Q

middle ages

A

the time between the decline of the Roman empire and the beginning of the Renaissance
500-1500 CE

95
Q

case law

A

decisions orinterpretations of law made by judges and applied to new cases

96
Q

municipal

A

relating to a town, city or region that has its own local government

97
Q

municipal law

A

made by local governments

often called ordinances

98
Q

ordinance

A

law or rule made by a municipal authority

99
Q

statue

A

a law established by a lawmaking group of people
written law that addresses a specific behavior
used a state and federal government laws

100
Q

regulation

A

official rule or order that guides behavior related to statues
exist at local, state and federal level

101
Q

special act

A

require or prohibit specific behavior

102
Q

constitutional law

A

laws relating to powers in the constitution

103
Q

criminal law

A

laws relating to people accused of committing crimes and the punishments

104
Q

military law

A

laws relating to people in armed forces and governing their behavior

105
Q

laws and public policy ideas can come from

A

citizens, groups, lawmakers and the president

106
Q

regulation

A

official rule or order that guides behavior related to laws

carry out a law

107
Q

laws and regulations help make sure

A

our food is safe, homes are secure and we have opportunities to learn and grow into responsible citizens

108
Q

US constitution distinguishes between

A

federal and state responsibilities

109
Q

representatives

A

a person chosen to speak and act for their fellow citizens in government

110
Q

when citizens have ideas for a new law

A

they contact the representatives where they live

111
Q

committee

A

a subgroup of a legislative assembly that meets to discuss and debate a specific issue in detail and make recommendations to the whole assembly

112
Q

sometimes committees make so many changes to a bill

A

it ends up different from the original idea

113
Q

majority vote

A

decides if a bill is approved

choice representing more than half of the votes cast

114
Q

congress has several types of committees

A

standing, joint, special and conference

115
Q

standing committee

A

permanent
addresses a particular topic
ex. House Armed Services Committee

116
Q

joint committee

A

include members from house and Senate

a committee with house and senate to address matters of a common concern

117
Q

special committee

A

short-term
a committee that addresses a specific issue
also known as a select committee
ex. House select committee on energy independence and global warming (07-11)

118
Q

conference committee

A

a committee with members of both houses that settles differences between similar bills passed separately by house and Senate

119
Q

political party

A

people who share beliefs about government and support their members in elections to increase the group’s power
Republican and Democratic parties are the largest

120
Q

majority leader

A

a legislator who leads the political party that has the majority of members in house or senate
tries to make sure the party members stay true to the party’s beliefs when voting on bills

121
Q

minority leader

A

has the same role as a majority leader

legislator who leads the political party that is the minority in house or senate

122
Q

speaker of the house

A

the highest-ranking member of the house
usually a senior member of the majority party
in charge of scheduling when bills will be debated and voted on

123
Q

president pro Tempore of the Senate

A

the highest-ranking member of the Senate after the president of the Senate
usually a senior member of the majority party

124
Q

bill intro

A

bills can begin in senate or house of representatives
the representative or senator introduces his or her bill
H or S in front of a bill # tells you whether it began in H or S
H: bill introduced in House; referred to a committee
S: bill introduced in Senate; referred to a committee

125
Q

subcommittee review

A

the work on bills happens in committees
legislators might edit language, make additions or take things out
H & S have 40 committees and 160 subs
representatives and senators will serve on committees or subcommittees that match their backgrounds or areas of interest
H: sub often 1st considers the bill
vote on advancing the bill to the full committee
S: sub often 1st considers the bill
vote on advancing the bill

126
Q

house rules committee

A

set rules for debate on the bill

H: make special rules for debating and changing the bill

127
Q

floor action

A

the debate of house or senate
is challenging cause representatives and senators come from different parts of the nation
each member has different interests and concerns bill needs approval from a majority of people in both chambers
H: debates and may change the bill
members vote on its passage
S: debates and may change bill
members vote on its passage

128
Q

House and Senate compromise

A

compromise committee with members from h and s
discuss differences between each version of the bill
compromise on the differences to create 1 bill
happens when both sides give up some things they wanted

129
Q

final house, Senate vote

A

compromise bill sent back to both H and S
members in each debate the compromise version
vote on whether to approve it
approval from both h and s is required on the same version

130
Q

sent to the president for approval

A

congress send the bill to the president
president signs the majority of passed bills into law and can veto
Congress may override and if it succeeds the bill becomes the law
Congress considers the president’s views throughout the process

131
Q

state legislatures

A

part of a state government responsible for making laws

132
Q

bicameral

A

part of government that makes laws

consisting of 2 houses

133
Q

veto

A

power to reject a law

134
Q

staff analysis

A

a report that the committee working on the bill
produces for the rest of the legislature to review
describes the bill and its differences from existing laws

135
Q

county commissioner

A

an elected official who helps administer a county government

136
Q

mayor

A

a leader of a local government

can have executive or legislative powers

137
Q

local and state governments must

A

follow federal laws just like individual citizens

138
Q

amend

A

make a change to improve or correct something

139
Q

a nation at risk

A

called on states to have higher expectations of students and make changes to support them

140
Q

race to the top

A

grant program approved by Congress and run by US Department of Education
part of a very large group of bills that became the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
states completed for additional $ to support changes to their education system

141
Q

legal

A

relating to the law

permitted by the law

142
Q

US has 2 levels in court

A

state and federal

143
Q

US constitution names only 1 court of the judicial branch

A

supreme court

144
Q

US supreme court

A

highest court in the US
court of last resort
hears cases related to US constitution
gives Congress power to create inferior courts

145
Q

trial

A

formal legal process in court to settle disputes or determine guilt or innocence of those accused of crimes
begin in original court of jurisdiction

146
Q

original jurisdiction

A

having the right to hear a case the first time it is presented in court

147
Q

district

A

geographic division for administrative or other government purposes

148
Q

district court deal with

A

things like traffic tickets

149
Q

criminal case

A

a lawsuit brought before a court involving someone accused of committing a crime

150
Q

civil case

A

a lawsuit brought before a court relating to the rights of citizens
usually a dispute between citizens or groups

151
Q

US district court

A

court of original jurisdiction in federal cases

152
Q

appellate court

A

jurisdiction to hear case appeals and review the decisions of lower courts
known as court of appeal

153
Q

US circuit court of appeals

A

federal level appellate courts

hears appeals from US district courts

154
Q

US court system

A

US Supreme Court
/ \
State level court of last resort US Court of Appeals
| |
State level court of appeals US District Court
|
State level court of original jurisdiction

155
Q

FL county court

A

court of original jurisdiction for minor cases

156
Q

FL circuit court

A

court in between county court and courts of appeal

hears some original cases and appeals from county courts

157
Q

FL has

A

20 circuit courts

158
Q

FL district court of appeal

A

the name for appellate courts

hears appeals from county and circuit

159
Q

FL supreme court

A

highest court of FL law

160
Q

FL courst system

A

coutny court - circuit court - district court of appeals - supreme court

161
Q

county court

A

minor crimes
small claims (up to 5000)
civil (up to and including 15000)
traffic

162
Q

circuit courts

A 
serious crimes
family law
civil cases (over 15000)
legal issues for people who have passed away
juvenile issues
guardianship
appeals from county court
163
Q

the district court of appeals

A

all matters not directly appealable to the supreme court

challenges to the final action of state agencies

164
Q

supreme court

A

death penalty cases
review of state laws
construction of FL or US constitutions
constitutional questions

165
Q

federal court system groups states

A

into 12 circuits

166
Q

each circuit court has

A

at least 1 US court of appeals

167
Q

jurisdiction

A

authority of a court to hear certain types of cases

168
Q

state jurisdiction

A

disputes about property, accidents, family issues

prosecuting someone for a crime

169
Q

federal jurisdiction

A

disputes about US law, immigration and constitution

prosecuting someone for a crime

170
Q

writ of certiorari

A

order by a higher court directing a lower court to send case records for review

171
Q

sued

A

to take legal action against someone in court to seek justice for a wrong

172
Q

juvenile

A

referring to minors

173
Q

juvenile courts

A

handle cases where a child or teen is accused of a crime

174
Q

mediation

A

the process where an outside person works with people on both sides of a dispute to try and help them reach an agreement without going to court

175
Q

evidence

A

objects or info used in court to prove the facts of the case

176
Q

unconstitutional

A

not allowed by or against the ideas and principles of the constitution

177
Q

judicial review

A

the power to review and cancel laws or acts of government to be unconstitutional

178
Q

jury

A

group of ordinary citizens who decide together whether a person accused of a crime is guilty or not guilty

179
Q

judge

A

high ranking court officer who supervises trials, instructs juries and delivers trial outcomes

180
Q

bench trial

A

trial held without a jury

judge solely reviews the evidence and makes a decision about the case

181
Q

jury can decide whether

A

a person is guilty or not in a criminal case and if a person owes compensation to another person in a civil case

182
Q

compensation

A

money to pay for or make up for a loss

183
Q

plea

A

to declare guilt or innocence

184
Q

summary judgment

A

judgment issued by a civil court before trial when both parties agree on facts of a case

185
Q

jury usually has

A

12 members

186
Q

jury selection

A

citizens who received notice appear in court on their assigned day
lawyers on each side of the case question potential jurors in voir dire (speak the truth)
lawyers and judge dismiss jurors who they think are biased

187
Q

the trial

A

lawyers present their case
use evidence and witness testimony to persuade jurors
will give an opening statement to introduce their points
make a closing statement is presenting their final arguments

188
Q

judge’s charge

A

judge gives instructions to jury deliberation

explains laws that relate to the case and what they mean

189
Q

deliberation

A

the jury determines the foreman (leader) and they lead the discussion, keeps members on task and that all jurors participate
discuss all facts and evidence fairly and with an open mind

190
Q

verdict

A

jury’s final decision of whether the suspect is guilty of who is at fault
all jurors must agree
foreman will present it

191
Q

sequester

A

remove or set apart

isolate jury from people and media during a trial

192
Q

liable

A

having legal responsibiltiy for costs or damages in a civil case

193
Q

prosecution

A

lawyers representing the people or government body in a criminal trial

194
Q

feral cat colony

A

an area populated by cats that have been born wild

195
Q

nonprofit organization

A

private

group of people organized for purposes other than generating profit

196
Q

grant

A

money given by a government or other organization for a specific purpose

197
Q

advocacy

A

active spoken or written support for a cause or position

198
Q

work of advocates is to try to

A

convince lawmakers to create or change public policy

199
Q

criteria

A

standard used for making a judgment about something

200
Q

common criteria used in judging options include

A

how much it will cost, whether there is wide support and how easy it will be to start

201
Q

creating a citizen action plan

A
  1. identify the issue
  2. conduct background research
  3. identify solution and criteria
  4. identify all public policy alternatives
  5. evaluate the public policy alternatives
  6. choose the best public policy alternative
  7. make it
202
Q

euthanize

A

end the life of an animal in a humane way

usually on that is ill, injured or dangerous

Civics (1 decks)

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