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EMS > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

0
Q

What are the causes of shock?

A

Inadequate blood volume

Inadequate pump function.

Inadequate vessel tone.

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1
Q

What is shock?

A

Inadequate tissue perfusion.

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2
Q

How does inadequate volume occur?

A

Inadequate preload which causes the stroke volume and cardiac output to drop.

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3
Q

What contributes to inadequate pump function?

A

Mi

Pericardial tamponade

Physical obstructions

Pneumothorax.

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4
Q

Inadequate vessel tone causation?

A

Increased vasodilation of the blood vessel which causes SVR to drop.

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5
Q

What are the 5 kinds of shock?

A

Hypovolemic

Cardiogenic

Metabolic

Obstructive

Distributive.

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6
Q

What are the 2 kinds of hypovolemic shock?

A

Hemorrhagic

Non hemorrhagic

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7
Q

What are 5 different causes of Cardiogenic shock?

A

CHF

MI

Depressed pump function

Abnormal rhythm

Beta blockers/calcium channel

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8
Q

What about metabolic?

A

Disturbance in 02 diffusion.

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9
Q

How can obstructive shock occur?

A

Tension pneumothorax

Pulmonic embolism

Pericardial tamponade

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10
Q

What are the different kinds of distributive shock?

A

Neurogenic

Anaphylactic

Septic.

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11
Q

Cardiogenic shock?

A

Caused by ineffective ventricular function of the heart. Resulting in minimal perfusion.

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12
Q

Obstructive shock?

A

Results from a condition that obstructs for forward bloodflow.

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13
Q

Hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock?

A

Loss of whole blood from the intravascular space.

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14
Q

What are medical examples of hypovolemic shock?

A

Gastrointestinal bleeding, uterine bleeding, aortic disease, ectopic pregnancy, and esophageal disease

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15
Q

What are the stages of shock?

A

Compensatory

Decompensatory

Irreversible

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16
Q

What are the stages of cardiogenic shock?

A

Rapid breathing, shortness of breath, tachycardia, diaphoresis, not urinating.

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17
Q

Are the types of hypovolemic shock?

A

Hemorrhagic and non hemorrhagic

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18
Q

What is hemorrhagic shock?

A

Rapid whole blood loss

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19
Q

What is non-hemorrhagic shock?

A

Fluid loss usually from burns or dehydration

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20
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock

A

Tachypnea, shortness of breath, tachycardia, diaphoresis, not urinating

21
Q

One of the vital signs of cardiogenic shock?

A

Decreasing blood pressure, narrowing blood pressure, tachycardia bradycardia, tachypnea, diaphoretic, decreased SPO2

22
Q

Signs and symptoms for compensated shock.

A

Anxiety, normal blood pressure, tachycardia, pale, cool skin; skin is moist.

23
Q

One of the signs and symptoms for decompensated shock?

A

Altered mental status, confusion, hypotension, Mark tachycardia 120 to 140 above patient circumstance, Air hunger, and the skin would be white waxy and cold

24
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Results from bacteria or infection that releases toxins in the blood

25
Q

Fluid leaks from vessels into the interstitial space what kind of shock is this?

A

Septic shock

26
Q

What is the treatment for septic shock?

A

Manage the airway ventilation, and oxygen. This patient would benefit from IV fluids and medication to constrict vessels. Consider contacting an ALS support unit.

27
Q

What is a MOI?

A

Refers to how person was injured

28
Q

Blank is the third decision involved in making a transport call.

A

MOI

29
Q

What are things that the abdomen can come in contact with in a car crash that would cause injury?

A

Dashboard or steering wheel

30
Q

Things in the abdomen that could be damaged in a car crash.

A

Hollow organs

31
Q

In a vehicle crash what is one thing in the chest that you want very wary of when assessing

A

A torn intercostal artery leading to a hemothorax

32
Q

What is more likely to be injured in a frontal impact?

A

Abdomen, chest, head, neck, and shoulders as well as face.

33
Q

In a rear end impact what is one thing that the head and neck is most likely to get compromised?

A

Hyperextension

34
Q

What is an example of a low velocity injury?

A

A knife wound.

35
Q

In the case of medium and high velocity projectile injuries dissipation of energy is affected by what?

A

Drag, profile, cavitation, and fragmentation

36
Q

What is drag?

A

The factors that slow a bullet down, such as wind resistance, constitute drag

37
Q

Define profile

A

The impact point of the bullet is it’s profile. The greater the size of the impact point, the more energy is transferred.

38
Q

What is cavitation?

A

Cavitation is the cavity in the body tissues formed by a pressure wave resulting from the kinetic energy of the bullet

39
Q

What is fragmentation?

A

The bullet that breaks up into small pieces upon impact it increases the body damage the fragments increase the frontal impact area and create greater tissue damage.

40
Q

What are the three kinds of Blast injuries?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary.

41
Q

Define a primary phase injury.

A

They are caused by the pressure of the wave. These injuries primarily affects the gas containing organs such as the lungs, stomach, intestines, ears, and sinuses.

42
Q

Define a secondary phase injury.

A

It’s due to flying debris propelled by the force of the blast. Injuries of this phase are obvious. Missed common or lacerations, and impaled objects, fractures, and burns.

43
Q

Define the tertiary phase

A

It occurs when the patient was thrown away from the source the blast. Injuries are much the same as would be expected from injection from a vehicle. The pattern is dependent on the distance thrown at the point of impact.

44
Q

During what assessment is control of severe bleeding performed?

A

Primary assessment

45
Q

What are the 3 kinds of bleeding?

A

Arterial, venous, and capillary

46
Q

Define arterial bleeding

A

Bright red spurting blood from a wound. It is bright red because it is oxygen enriched.

47
Q

Define venous bleeding

A

Dark red blood that flows from the wound usually indicates a severed or a damaged vein.

48
Q

Define capillary bleeding

A

Slowly losing blood that is a darker intermediate color of red usually indicates damaged capillaries

49
Q

What are the order of operations for controlling bleeding?

A

Place a DSD on the wound and apply pressure

50
Q

How do you position the patient for a case of epistaxes?

A

Place him in a sitting position and have him lean forward

EMS (6 decks)

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