Shock Flashcards
What are the general signs of all types of shock?
Collapse Altered conscious level Tachycardia / tachypnoea Hypotension Poor peripheral perfusion Low urine output
Name the 4 types of shock
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Maldistributive
Obstructive
What investigations should be performed to help diagnose the type of shock?
Bloods: FBC, U&Es, glucose, arterial blood gases, lactate
Blood cultures
ECG
X-ray
How might you diagnose hypovolaemic shock?
With evidence of fluid loss and an empty circulation. The peripheries will be cold and clammy
How might you diagnose cardiogenic shock?
Presence of chest pain
ECG and rhythm changes
Rising upstream pressure
Pulmonary / peripheral oedema
How might you diagnose maldistributive shock?
Signs of infection
Warm peripheries initially
Oedema if more severe
How might you diagnose obstructive shock?
Similar to cardiogenic but without signs of MI etc
DVT, PE, thoracic trauma etc
When treating for shock how much oxygen should you aim to give?
15L/min
When treating for shock what fluids do you give and how much?
Hartman’s (crystalloid) or saline; around 1.5L (20ml/kg)
In cardiogenic shock how much fluid should you give and why?
Around 500ml as you might otherwise overwhelm the heart and cause further complications
Why should you be wary of using colloids in treatment of anaphylactic shock?
People can suffer anaphylaxis to colloid fluid itself
What besides infection can cause septic shock?
Trauma, burns, pancreatitis (and other sources of inflammation)
