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6 > shoulder > Flashcards

shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

bone structure of the shoulder

A
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Sternum & thorax
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2
Q

joint of the shoulder

A
  • Sternoclavicular joint
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Scapulothoracic joint/articulation
  • Glenohumeral joint
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3
Q

supporting structures of the shoulder

A
  • Labrum
  • Capsule
  • Ligaments & musculature
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4
Q

are the joints synovial?

A
  • All but scapulothoracic joint are synovial joints.
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5
Q

how many joints there are in the shoulder complex

A

4 joints + coracoacromial arch.

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6
Q

the ROM of the shoulder compare to the rest of the body

A

Greatest ROM of the joints in the body, but less stable

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7
Q

Horizontal flexion =

A

= transverse flexion = horizontal adduction

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8
Q

Horizontal extension =

A

transverse extension = horizontal ABduction

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9
Q
  • Arm-trunk motion
A

typically what is being referred to when discussing shoulder motion in the literature.

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10
Q

what means the arm-trunk elevation or shoulder elevation

A

means ABduction or flexion of the shoulder complex.

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11
Q
  • Shoulder elevation
A

involving all joints of the shoulder complex

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12
Q
  • Scapular elevation
A

the motion of the scapulothoracic joint. Indirectly produces elevation at the sternoclavicular joint but doesn’t include GH joint motion.

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13
Q

how the shoulder ROM is limited

A

by the capsuloligamentous complex and the surrounding shoulder muscles.

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14
Q

the clavicle

A
  • Crank shaped strut
  • Convex towards sternum/concave towards humerus
  • Attaches shoulder to axial skeleton, force transmission to scapula, contributes to ROM
  • A strut provides structural support and helps with alignment.
  • Convex and concave portion that allow for the passage of the neurovascular structures.
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15
Q

Scapula:

A
  • Sits between T2 and T7
  • Primary function:
  • Muscle attachment
  • Palpation: (know where they are)
    Acromion (roof over humerus)
    Coracoid process
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16
Q

how many major muscles acting at the shoulder attach to the scapula

A

15

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17
Q

glénoïdaux fossa

A
  • Depth of the glenoid fossa is increased by surrounding fibrocartilaginous labrum (increased by ~50%)
  • Help to center and stabilize the humeral head.
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18
Q

Plane of the scapula

A
  • Superior aspect 30-45° anterior to frontal plane
  • Scapula also has slight anterior inclination and upward rotation.
  • The orientation change depending on the movement.
  • Try this motion:
  • Arm elevation in plane vs. out of plane of scapula
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19
Q

Humerus

A
  • Tubercles (externally rotate humerus for greater tubercule to clear acromion process and acromioclavicular ligament)
  • Radial nerve in spiral groove along shaft
  • Try elevation with and without external rotation!
  • To elevate your arm completely, you need to externally rotate the humerus for the greater tubercle to clear the acromion.
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20
Q

Acromioclavicular joint is a

A
  • Synovial joint
  • often injured
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21
Q

motion of the Acromioclavicular joint

A
  • 3 rotational motions (3 degrees of freedom)
  • Internal/external rotation
  • Anterior/posterior tipping
  • Upward/downward rotation
22
Q

function of the acromioclavicular joint

A

Allows additional ROM of the scapula on the thorax and force transmission through the UE

23
Q
  • Internal/external rotation of the acromioclavicular joint
A

(brings the vertebral border of the scapula closer to (external) or further from (internal) the clavicle)

24
Q
  • Upward/downward rotation of the acromioclavicular joint
A

AP axis – enlarging or shrinking the angle formed by the clavicle and spine of scapula)

25
Q
  • Anterior/posterior tilting of the acromioclavicular joint
A

(ML axis – brings superior border of scapula toward (anterior tilt) or away from (posterior tilt) the clavicle)

26
Q
  • CORACOCLAVICULAR
A

Trapezoid + Conoid

27
Q
  • ACROMIOCLAVICULAR
A

surrounded by capsule)

28
Q

Sternoclavicular joint is a

A
  • Synovial joint
29
Q

motion of the Sternoclavicular joint

A
  • 3 rotatory motions:
  • Elevation and depression (ant/post)
  • Protraction and retraction (vertical)
  • Upward and downward rotation (med/lat)
30
Q

what connects the sternoclavicular joint

A

Connects upper limb and axial skeleton

31
Q

ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint

A

-anterior/posterior sternoclavicular
-interclavicular
-costoclavicular
-intraarticular disc

32
Q
  • Rotation of sternoclavicular joint about an axis causes
A

the head and opposite end of clavicle to move in opposite directions (seesaw)

33
Q

Shoulder elevation-depression (shrug)

A
  • Movement of clavicle at sternoclavicular joint
  • Elevation: 50-60°
  • Depression: 10°
    Upward/downward slide of scapula
34
Q

how the elevation of the shoulder is limited

A

by the costoclavicular ligament

35
Q

how the depression of the shoulder is limited

A

by the superior portion of the capsule and the interclavicular ligament

36
Q

Protraction:

A

lateral end of clavicle and scapula move away from rib cage and scapular abduction

37
Q
  • Retraction
A

lateral end of clavicle and scapula move posteriorly and scapular adduction

38
Q

Sternoclavicular ROM

A

30-60°

39
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

no true articulations

40
Q

translation of the scapulothoracic joint

A
  • 2 translations
  • Elevation and depression
  • Abduction-adduction
41
Q

rotation of the scapulothoracic joint

A
  • Upward-downward rotation
  • Internal-external rotation
  • Scapular tilt
42
Q

degrees of freedom of the Scapulothoracic joint

A

5 degrees of freedom

43
Q

the scapulothoracic joint is composed of

A
  • Floating bone other than one direct articulation with the clavicle through the sternum
44
Q

movement of the scapulothoracic joint

A
  • Elevation: superior movement of the scapula on the thorax
    Depression: inferior movement of the scapula on the thorax
  • Abduction: the medial border of the scapula moving away from the vertebrae
    Adduction: movement towards the vertebrae
  • Downward (medial) rotation: rotation about the AP axis resulting in downward rotation of the glenoid fossa
    Upward (lateral) rotation: rotation about the AP axis resulting in upward turn of the glenoid fossa
  • Internal rotation: turns the glenoid fossa in an anteromedial direction
    External rotation: turns the glenoid fossa in a posterolateral direction
  • Anterior tilt: moves acromion process anteriorly and inferior angle of scapula posteriorly
    Posterior tilt: moves acromion process posteriorly while moving inferior angle of scapula anteriorly
45
Q

what happens when the scapula elevates

A

it tends to tilt anteriorly; as it depresses, it tends to tilt posteriorly

46
Q
  • Stability of the scapulothoracic joint
A
  • AC and SC joints
  • Muscular stability
  • Atmospheric pressure in cavity between scapula & rib cage
47
Q

5 essential functions of the scapulothoracic joint

A
  • Increase ROM of shoulder to enhance reach
  • Maintain favorable length-tension relationship for the deltoid to function > 90°
  • Maintain GH stability for overhead work
  • Shock absorption
  • Permits elevation of body (e.g., push-up)
48
Q

Upward/downward rotation

A
  • Upward: glenoid fossa moves in superior direction
  • Downward: glenoid fossa moves in inferior direction
49
Q
  • Total upward-downward ROM
A

60◦

50
Q

on what the upward rotation relies on

A

on clavicular elevation and posterior rotation.

6 (5 decks)

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