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Theories of Personality > Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis > Flashcards

Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our words, feelings, and actions.

A

Unconscious

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2
Q

This is the explanation for the meaning behind dreams, slips of the tongue, and certain kinds of forgetting called repression.

A

Unconscious

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3
Q

_ and _ often create feelings of anxiety and the anxiety in turn stimulates repression

A

Punishment and Suppression

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4
Q

Forcing of unwanted, anxiety-ridden experiences into the unconscious as a defense against the pain of anxiety

A

Repression

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5
Q

A portion of our unconscious originates from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us through hundreds of generations of repetition.

A

Phylogenetic endowment

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6
Q

The _ constantly drives to be conscious and many of them succeed, although they may no longer appear in their original form.

A

unconscious

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7
Q

The Unconscious has two different levels:

A

Unconscious proper and Preconscious

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8
Q

contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty

A

Preconscious

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9
Q

The contents of the preconscious come from two sources:

A

Conscious perception and Unconscious

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10
Q

What a person perceives is conscious for only a transitory period.

A

Conscious perception

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11
Q

It quickly passes into the preconscious when the focus of attention shifts to another idea

A

Conscious perception

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12
Q

These ideas are largely free from anxiety and are much more similar to the conscious image.

A

Conscious perception

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13
Q

Other images from the _ do gain admission to consciousness, but only because their true nature is cleverly disguised through the dream process, a slip of tongue, or an elaborate defensive measure

A

Unconscious

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14
Q

Mental life is divided into two levels:

A

Unconscious and Conscious

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15
Q

Plays a relatively minor role in psychoanalytic theory

A

Conscious

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16
Q

The only level of mental life directly available to us

A

Conscious

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17
Q

Ideals can reach consciousness from two different directions:

A

Perceptual conscious system and from within the mental stucture

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18
Q

Provinces of the Mind (3)

A

Id, ego, and superego

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19
Q

Ego interacts with which levels of mental life

A

Conscious, Preconscious,and Unconscious

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20
Q

Superego interacts with which levels of mental life

A

Preconscious and Unconscious

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21
Q

Id interacts with which levels of mental life

A

Unconscious

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22
Q

Has no contact with reality, yet it strives constantly to reduce tension by satisfying basic desires

A

Id

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23
Q

It serves the pleasure principle

A

Id

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24
Q

It cannot make value judgements or distinguish good or evil

A

Id

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25
Q

Its purpose is to seek pleasure without regard for what is proper or just

A

Id

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26
Q

Its survival is dependent on the development of a secondary process (ego) to bring it into contact with the external world

A

Id

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27
Q

It is the only region in the mind that is in contact with reality

A

Ego

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28
Q

It is governed by the reality principle

A

Ego

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29
Q

It becomes the decision-making or executive branch of personality

A

Ego

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30
Q

Can make decisions on each of the three levels (Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious)

A

Ego

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31
Q

The _ must take into consideration the incompatible but equally unrealistic demands of the id and superego

A

Ego

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32
Q

The _ becomes differentiated from the id when infants learn to distinguish themselves from the outer world

A

Ego

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33
Q

While the id remains unchanged, the _ continues to develop strategies for holding the id’s unrealistic and unrelenting demands for pleasure

A

Ego

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34
Q

The _ has no strength of its own but borrows energy from the id

A

Ego

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35
Q

As children reach the age of _ years, they identify with their parents and begin to learn what they should and should not to do

A

5 or 6

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36
Q

It represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality

A

Superego

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37
Q

It is guided by the moralistic and idealistic principles. It has no energy of its own. It has no contact with the outside world.

A

Superego

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38
Q

A well-developed ___ acts to control sexual and aggressive impulses through the process of repression. It cannot produce repression by itself but it can order the ego to do so.

A

Superego

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39
Q

Results from experiences with punishments for improper behavior and tells us what we should not do

A

Conscience

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40
Q

Develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do

A

Ego-ideal

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41
Q

Comes into existence when a child conforms to parental standards out of fear of loss of love or approval

A

Primitive conscience

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42
Q

The ego acts contrary to the moral standards of the superego.

*Stems from conscience

A

Guilt

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43
Q

Arise when the ego is unable to meet the superego’s standards of perfection

*Stem from the ego-ideal

A

Feelings of inferiority

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44
Q

Dynamics of Personality (4)

A

Drives, Sex, Aggression, Anxiety

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45
Q

German word that refer to a drive or stimulus within the person

A

Trieb

46
Q

It operate as a constant, motivational force

A

Drives

47
Q

Various drives can be grouped according to:

(2) (3)

A
  • Sex or Eros
  • Aggression, Distraction, or Thanatos
48
Q

These ___ originate in the id but they come under the control of the ego

A

drives

49
Q

Every basic drive is characterized by: (4)

A

Impetus, source, aim, object

50
Q

The amount of force it exerts

A

Impetus

51
Q

The region of the body in a state of excitation or tension

A

Source

52
Q

To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension

A

Aim

53
Q

The person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied

A

Object

54
Q

Freud believed that the entire body is invested with ____

A

Libido

55
Q

___ : Sex drive

A

Libido

56
Q

Sex can take many forms: (4)

A

Narcissism, Love, Sadism, Masochism

57
Q

Infants are primarily self-centered with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego

A

Primary Narcissism

58
Q

Two main types of Narcissism

A

Primary Narcissism and Secondary Narcissism

59
Q

As the ego develops, children usually give up much of their ____ and develop a greater interest in other people.

A

Primary Narcissism

60
Q

During puberty, adolescents often redirect their libido back to the ego and become preoccupied with personal appearance and other self-interests. A moderate degree of self-love is common to nearly everyone

A

Secondary Narcissism

61
Q

It develops when people invest their libido on an object or person other than themselves. Children’s first sexual interest is the person who cares for them, generally the mother.

A

Love

62
Q

Love of self

A

Narcissism

63
Q

Often accompanied by narcissistic tendencies, as when people love someone who serves as an ideal or model of what they would like to be.

A

Love

64
Q

Need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person

A

Sadism

65
Q
  • Carried to an extreme
  • Is regarded by a community or culture as an abnormal means of achieving orgasm or sexual arousal
A

Sexual Perversion

66
Q

Experience sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves or by others

A

Masochism

67
Q

Aim: Return to an inorganic state

A

Aggression

68
Q

Because the ultimate inorganic condition is death, the final aim of the aggressive drive is ___

A

self-destruction

69
Q

Ultimate inorganic condition

A

Death

70
Q

A felt, affective unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger

A

Anxiety

71
Q

Only the ___ can produce or feel anxiety

A

ego

72
Q

Id, superego, and external world are involved in three kinds of anxiety:

A

Neurotic anxiety, Moral anxiety, Realistic anxiety

73
Q
  • Apprehension about an unknown danger
  • The feeling it self exists in the ego, but it originates from id impulses
A

Neurotic anxiety

74
Q

People may experience ___ in the presence of an authority figure because they previously experienced unconscious feelings of destruction.

A

neurotic anxiety

75
Q

During childhood, these feelings of hostility are often accompanied by fear of punishment and this fear becomes generalized into ____

A

unconscious neurotic anxiety

76
Q

It stems from the conflict between the ego and the superego

A

Moral anxiety

77
Q

It may result from the failure to behave consistently with what they regard as morally right

A

Moral anxiety

78
Q

It is closely related to fear. It is an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger.

A

Realistic anxiety

79
Q

Allows the ego to be alert for signs of threat and danger

A

Anxiety

80
Q

Defense Mechanisms (8)

A

Repression, Reaction formation, Displacement, Fixation, Regression, Projection, Introjection, Sublimation

81
Q

It is the most basic defense mechanism. It forces threatening feelings into the unconscious.

A

Repression

82
Q

Adopting a disguise that is directly opposite in its original form

A

Reaction formation

83
Q

People can redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed

A

Displacement

84
Q

When the prospect of taking the next step becomes too anxiety provoking, the ego may resort to the strategy of remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological state. Permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development.

A

Fixation

85
Q

A common way for adults to react to anxiety-producing situations is to revert to earlier, safer, more secure patterns of behavior and to invest their libido onto more primitive and familiar objects

A

Regression

86
Q

When an internal impulse provokes too much anxiety, the ego may reduce that anxiety by attributing the unwanted impulse to an external object, usually another person

A

Projection

87
Q

It is seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one’s own unconscious

A

Projection

88
Q

It is an extreme type of projection. It is a mental disorder characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution.

A

Paranoia

89
Q

People incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego.

A

Introjection

90
Q

It helps both the individual and the social group. It is the repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim.

A

Sublimation

91
Q

Stages of Development (4)

A

Infantile Period (Oral, Anal, Phallic), Latency Period, Genital Period, Maturity

91
Q

Infants possess a sexual life and go through a period of pregenital sexual development during the first 4 or 5 years after birth. Childhood sexuality differs from adult sexuality in that it is not capable of reproduction and is exclusively autoerotic.

A

Infantile period

91
Q

Infants obtain life-sustaining nourishment through oral-cavity. They also gain pleasure through the act of sucking.

A

Oral phase

92
Q

The first substage in oral period where sexual aim is to incorporate or receive into one’s body the object-choice which is the nipple.

A

Oral-receptive phase

93
Q

the second substage of oral stage which begins with teething. The sexual pleasure now comes from biting and chewing.

A

Oral-sadistic period

94
Q

It is characterized by satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and through the excretory function

A

Anal phase

95
Q

Anal phase is divided into two subphases:

A

Early anal period, Late anal period

96
Q

Is an anal subphase. Children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects. The destructive nature of the sadistic drive is stronger than the erotic one, and children often behave aggressively toward their parents for frustrating them with toilet training.

A

Early anal period

97
Q

Is an anal subphase. They sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating.

A

Late anal period

98
Q

-People who continue to receive erotic satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and by arranging them in an excessively neat and orderly fashion.

-Withholding the feces until the pressure becomes painful and erotically stimulating

A

Anal character

99
Q

Feminine qualities of voyeurism and masochism

A

Passive orientation

99
Q

Masculine qualities of dominance and sadism

A

Active attitude

100
Q

A developmental phase wherein the genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone

A

Phallic phase

101
Q

The condition of rivalry toward the father and incestuous feelings toward the mother

A

Oedipus complex

102
Q

The fear of losing the penis

A

Castration anxiety

102
Q

During the Oedipal period, his feminine nature may lead him to display affection toward his father and express hostility toward his mother, while at the same time his masculine tendency disposes him toward hostility for father and lust for mother. Affection and hostility coexist because one or both feelings may be unconscious

A

Complete Oedipus Complex

103
Q

The desire for sexual intercourse with the father and accompanying feelings of hostility for the mother

A

Simple female Oedipus complex or Electra complex

104
Q

Brought about partly by parent’s attempts to punish or discourage sexual activity in their young children

A

Latency Period

105
Q

It signals a reawakening of the sexual aim and the beginning of the genital period. During puberty, the diphasic sexual life of a person enters a second stage which has basic differences from the infantile period.

A

Genital period

106
Q

A stage attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner. However, it seldom happens.

Have a balance among the structures of the mind, with their ego controlling the id and superego but at the same time allowing reasonable desires and demands.

A

Psychological maturity

107
Q
A

Theories of Personality (1 decks)

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