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Examination > Signs > Flashcards

Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What would you be looking for in HF?

A
  • SOB at rest
  • Raised JVP
  • Ascites
  • Bibasal crackles
  • Sacral oedema
  • S3 heart sound
  • Tachycardia
  • Evidence of valvular disease e.g. murmurs
  • Pedal oedema
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2
Q

What are signs of COPD?

A
  • Cachexia
  • Hyperinflated chest
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Use of accessory muscles
  • Wheeze or quiet breath sounds
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Cyanosis
  • Tar stained fingers
  • SOB at rest - Tachypnoea
  • Reduced lateral and increased vertical chest expansion
  • Paradoxical lower chest motion
  • Palpable liver edge
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3
Q

What are the signs of hypothyroidism?

A
  • Obese, dry skin, lots of clothing, puffy eyes, thin hair
  • Cold + clammy hands
  • Bradycardia
  • Face - yellowish tint, puffy eyes
  • Slow reflexes
  • Non-pitting peripheral oedema
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4
Q

What are signs of hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Thin, sweaty, tremor, flushed, fidgety, bulging/staring eyes
  • Acropachy (Graves)
  • Palms - hot + sweaty, erythema
  • Fine tremor
  • Tachycardia/AF
  • Face - flushed
  • Proptosis, exophthalmos, chemosis, periorbital oedema
  • Lid lag/opthalmoplegia
  • Thyroid bruit (Graves)
  • Brisk reflexes
  • Proximal myopathy
  • Pretibial myxoedema
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5
Q

What are the signs for IBD?

A
  • Clubbing
  • Kolinychia
  • Conjunctival pallor
  • Angular stomatitis/glossitis
  • Mouth ulcers
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6
Q

What are the signs of ACS?

A
  • Distress, anxiety
  • Pallor, sweaty
  • Tachycardia/bradycardia
  • Hypo/hypertension
  • 4th heart sound
  • HF - increased JVP, 3rd heart sound, basal creps
  • Pansystolic murmur
  • Low grade fever
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7
Q

What are the signs of asthma?

A
  • Tachypnoea
  • Wheeze
  • Hyperinflation
  • Hyper-resonant percussion note
  • Decreased air entry
  • Widespread polyphonic wheeze
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8
Q

What is Murphy’s sign?

A

Place 2 fingers on RUQ and ask patient to breathe in, if arrest on inspiration then positive sign. However, only positive if negative on LUQ.

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9
Q

What are the signs for pancreatitis?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Fever
  • Jaundice
  • Shock
  • Rigid abdomen +/- local/general tenderness
  • Periumbilical bruising (Cullen’s sign)
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10
Q

What are the signs of cirrhosis?

A
  • Leuconychia
  • Clubbing
  • Palmar erythema
  • Dupuytrens contracture
  • Spider naevi
  • Xanthalasma
  • Gynaecomastia
  • Loss of body hair
  • Parotid enlargement
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Ascites
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11
Q

What are the signs of liver failure?

A
  • Jaundice
  • Hepatic encephalopathy
  • Fetor hepaticus
  • Asterixis/flap
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12
Q

What are the signs for pneumonia?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Cyanosis
  • Confusion
  • Tachypnoea
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Consolidation - reduced expansion, dull percussion, increased tactile vocal fremitus/vocal resonance, bronchial breathing
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13
Q

What are the signs of ulcerative colitis?

A 
Acute, severe:
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Tender distended abdomen
Extraintestinal:
- Clubbing
- Oral ulcers
- Erythema nodosum
- Eye problems
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14
Q

What are the signs of Crohn’s disease?

A
  • Bowel ulceration
  • Abdominal tenderness/mass
  • Perianal fistulae/skin tags
  • Anal strictures
  • Clubbing
  • Skin, joint and eye problems
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15
Q

What are the signs of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Central obesity

  • Plethoric, moon face
  • Buffalo hump
  • Skin and muscle atrophy
  • Bruises
  • Purple abdominal striae
  • Osteoporosis
  • Increased BP
  • Increased glucose
  • Infection prone/poor healing
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16
Q

What are the signs of Addison’s disease?

A
  • Postural hypotension
  • Low grade fever
  • Signs of dehydration
  • Loss of hair
  • Cachexia
  • Tachycardia
17
Q

What is Rovsing’s sign?

A

Pain in RIF when you press in LIF.

18
Q

What are the different breath sounds?

A
  • Vesicular - normal
  • Diminished local - effusion, tumour, pneumothorax, pneumonia, collapse
  • Diminished global - COPD
  • Bronchial - consolidation, upper border of pleural effusion
  • Wheeze - polyphonic: COPD, asthma, monophonic: carcinoma
  • Crepitations/crackles - fluid, infection, fibrosis
  • Rub - pneumonia, PE
19
Q

What are the different percussion sounds?

A
  • Resonant - normal
  • Hyper-resonant - pneumothorax,
  • Dull - consolidation, collapse, pleural thickening
  • Stony dull - pleural effusion

Examination (1 decks)

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