Signs and Meanings, Elements of design, and Cinematic Techniques

Question 1

Who are the two influential Scholars?

Answer 1

Ferdinand de Saussure and C.S. Peirce

Question 2

Based by Saussure, a sign is composed of:

Answer 2

• Signifier (physical gesture that plrtrays meaning)
• Signified (mental concept the signifier conveys)

Question 3

What are the two types of SIGNIFIED?

Answer 3

• Denotations = literal and primary meanings of an object
• Connotations = ideas or feelings typically associated with the word or object

Question 4

What are the three terms of Peirce (1866-1913)?

Answer 4

• Icon - where signifier resembles the signified
• Symbol - relationship of signifier and signified is CULTURALLY SPECIFIC
• Index - signifier is caused by signified

Question 5

Elements of Design

Answer 5

1.) Line
2.) Shape
3.) Color
4.) Space
5.) Texture
6.) Typography
7.) Framing

Question 6

The connection between two points. Guides where you are supposed to look. Used to frame and emphasize other design elements. Creates a sense of movement.

Answer 6

Line

Question 7

An area enclosed by an outline. The outline can be created by actual lines or differences in color. They can take on numerous forms, but they are characterized by their boundaries, which are created by lines or their surroundings.

Answer 7

Shape

Question 8

Light being reflected on the surface. Adds character to a design. Even artwork made in grayscale must be careful with its color composition as there are several shades for each and every color.

Answer 8

Color

Question 9

Name the three things essential in COLOR

Answer 9

Hue, Brightness, and Saturation

Question 10

The area between elements. Shapes can be used to create other shapes by utilizing the empty spaces left in the
background. The space in between, or rather what is blank, creates another image entirely if done correctly.

Answer 10

Space

Question 11

When textures of real-life objects are recreated digitally to use in images, they can evoke certain feelings, or create character. Creates a three-dimensional feel to a two-dimensional piece of artwork.

Answer 11

Texture

Question 12

Refers to the typefaces or fonts utilized in the design. Not just informative but can also provide a design with striking visuals if done correctly.

Answer 12

Typography

Question 13

Used to highlight certain design elements by surrounding them and separating them from the background. Can be used to crop images in ways to draw attention to it.

Answer 13

Framing

Question 14

Principles of Design

Answer 14

1. Balance
2. Emphasis
3. Movement
4. Pattern
5. Proportion
6. Repetition
7. Rhythm
8. Variation
9. Unity

Question 15

What are the three types of Balance?

Answer 15

Symmetry, Asymmetry, Unbalanced

Question 16

When filming, there are many different techniques a director can employ to emphasize certain characters, products, or other aspects present in a scene. Unlike still graphics and printed or painted works of art, working with video allows creators to use moving images and captured audio to convey whatever message they need to get across. This means there are more dynamic ways to frame specific elements.

Answer 16

Camera Shot

Question 17

Subject is filmed at eve-level to replicate how people see each other face to face

Answer 17

Eye Level Shot

Question 18

Subject is filmed from a lower level to establish the subject’s dominance or power.

Answer 18

Low Angle Shot

Question 19

Subject is filmed from a higher level to establish the subject’s inferiority.

Answer 19

High Angle Shot

Question 20

Camera is held at waist-level to capture action around the subject’s hip.

Answer 20

Cowboy Shot

Question 21

Camera films at knee-level to emphasize the subject’s superiority.

Answer 21

Knew Level Shot

Question 22

Camera set at ground level to emphasize the subject’s movement.

Answer 22

Ground Level Shot

Question 23

Subject is filmed at shoulder-level to make the subject feel smaller or shorter.

Answer 23

Shoulder Level Shot

Question 24

Camera films from a tilted angle to create a sense of disorientation or instability.

Answer 24

Dutch Angle Shot

Question 25

Subjects are filmed from a bird’s eye view, looking down on them to provide a fuller perspective of a scene.

Answer 25

Overhead Shot

Question 26

Subjects are filmed with a drone or from a flying vehicle to cover and display a vast expanse of scenery.

Answer 26

Aerial Shot

Question 27

What is Camera Movement?

Answer 27

a technique that is employed to aid the director with their storytelling, creating a more dynamic and engaging experience, thereby helping a film achieve its intended purpose.

Question 28

Moving a camera horizontally without moving it vertically.

Answer 28

Pan

Question 29

Moving a camera vertically without moving it horizontally.

Answer 29

Tilt

Question 30

Adjusting the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away.

Answer 30

Zoom

Question 31

When the camera is lifted or lowered vertically in its entirety without tilting it.

Answer 31

Pedestal

Question 32

When a camera moves along a set of tracks to get closer or further away from the subject.

Answer 32

Dolly

Question 33

When the camera is moved left or right horizontally in its entirety without panning it.

Answer 33

Floating

Question 34

When the camera is moved left or right horizontally in its entirety without panning it.

Answer 34

Truck

Question 35

Types of Space

Answer 35

• 3D Space - has length, width and DEPTH
• + / - Space - involves positive space (within the line) and negative space (background)
• White Space - space between shapes (indicates distance of shapes)

Question 36

Carrying the camera to recreate a series of techniques, or to create a bouncy shot.

Answer 36

Handheld

Question 37

When a crane is used to hold a camera, allowing one to film from low and high shooting positions.

Answer 37

Jib