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canfitpro pts > Skeletal Anatomy > Flashcards

Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the skeleton

A

provides the framework that supports our body and allows us to move.
also protects vital organs, stores minerals, forms red blood cells, and stores energy

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2
Q

Describe the axial skeleton.

A

provides support and protects vital organs
80 bones - including the skull, ribs, spine and sternum

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3
Q

Describe the appendicular skeleton.

A

126 bones in the shoulder, pelvis, and limbs

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4
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

connect bones with fibrous connective tissue
allow minimal movement
ex. skull and pelvis

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5
Q

What are pivot joints?

A

a type of synovial joint
made up of one bone that can swivel in a ring made by a second bone
ex. forearm, 1st and 2nd vertebrae of neck

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6
Q

What are ball and socket joints?

A

type of synovial joint
the rounded head of one bone fits into the concave articulation of another
the greatest range of motion
hips and shoulders are only ball and socket joints

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7
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

separated by cartilage
allows little to no movement
ex ribs, sternum, and between vertebrae

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8
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

type of synovial joint
the convex end of one bone articulates with the concave of another
bending and straightening
ex. elbow, knee, and ankle

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9
Q

What are condyloid joints?

A

type of synovial joint
shallow depression in one bone articulates with rounded structure from one or more adjacent bones
allows bending and straightening and side to side movement
ex. knuckle and wrist

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10
Q

What are saddle joints?

A

a type of synovial joint
articulating surfaces of both bones have a saddle shape - one convex, one concave
2 planes of movement
ex. base of thumb

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11
Q

What are gliding joints?

A

a type of synovial joint
articulating surfaces of both bones are flat or slightly curved and about the same size
limited movement but can be multiaxial
ex. intercarpal and intertarsal joints - clavicle and scapula

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12
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

freely moveable and have cartilage on surfaces where bones join to reduce friction and absorb shock

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13
Q

What is flexion?

A

The bending of a joint/shortening of a muscle

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14
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening of a joint / lengthening a muscle

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15
Q

Hyperflexion or Hyperextension is what?

A

beyond the normal range of motion

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16
Q

Abduction is what movement?

A

movement away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

Adduction is what movement?

A

movement towards the midline of the body

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18
Q

What is circumduction and what joints are capable of it?

A

circular movement - in all 3 planes
the shoulder and the hip

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19
Q

What movement is elevation?

A

raising shoulders

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20
Q

What movement is depression?

A

lowering shoulders below anatomical position

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21
Q

What is medial rotation?

A

towards the midline of the body

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22
Q

What is lateral rotation?

A

away from the midline of the body

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23
Q

what is supination?

A

movement away from the midline of the body
ex. palms up

24
Q

what is pronation?

A

movement towards the midline of the body
ex. palms down

25
Q

what is inversion?

A

turning the inner side of the foot away from the ground toward the midline of the body

26
Q

what is eversion?

A

turning the outer side of the foot away from the ground away from the midline of the body

27
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

flexing foot up - toes point to head

28
Q

what is plantarflexion?

A

flexing foot down - toes point to ground

29
Q

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

A

long, short, flat, irregular

30
Q

What is the purpose of long bones?

A

serve as levers of movement
ex. femur and humerus

31
Q

What is the purpose of short bones?

A

give strength to joints
ex tarsals and carpals (ankle and wrist)

32
Q

What is the purpose of flat bones?

A

provide a broad surface for muscle attachment and protect vital organs
ex. ribs and scapulae

33
Q

What is the purpose of irregular bones?

A

protect organs and support the body
ex. ischium, pubis and vertebrae

34
Q

Describe the frontal plane.

A

divides anterior (front) and posterior (back)

  • dominant plane for abduction and adduction
35
Q

Describe the sagittal plane.

A

divides the left and right sides of the body

  • flexion and extension
36
Q

Describe the transverse plane.

A

AKA horizontal plane

divides superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts of the body

  • involves twisting or rotation
37
Q

Shoulder girdle (scapula, clavicle) movements.

A

elevation - depression
abduction - adduction
upward rotation - downward rotation

38
Q

Shoulder joint movements

A

flexion - extension
abduction - adduction
medial rotation - lateral rotation
horizontal abduction - horizontal adduction
circumduction

39
Q

Elbow joint movements

A

flexion - extension

40
Q

Radioulnar joint movements

A

pronation - supination

41
Q

Wrist joint movements

A

flexion - extension

42
Q

Vertebral column / Spine movements

A

flexion - extension
lateral flexion
rotation

43
Q

lumbosacral joint movements

A

flexion - extension
(anterior pelvic tilt - posterior pelvic tilt)

44
Q

Hip Joint movements

A

flexion - extension
abduction - adduction
medial - lateral rotation
circumduction

45
Q

Knee Joint movements

A

flexion - extension
rotation (only at 90* flexion)

46
Q

Ankle joint movements

A

plantar flexion - dorsiflexion
eversion - inversion

47
Q

The human body contains how many bones and in mostly what skeleton?

A

206 bones - most in appendicular

48
Q

The 3 categories of joints are?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

49
Q

Another name for the skull

A

Cranium

50
Q

2 Bones around the shoulder

A

clavicle and scapula

51
Q

What is the bone in the upper arm?

A

humerus

52
Q

What are the 2 bones in the forearm called?

A

Radius and Ulna

53
Q

Major bones of the core.

A

sternum, ribs, and vertebral column.

54
Q

Upper leg bone

A

Femur

55
Q

Lower leg bones

A

tibia, fibula

56
Q

foot bones

A

metatarsals

canfitpro pts (11 decks)

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