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Fitness Theory > Skeletal joints > Flashcards

Skeletal joints Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation /arthrosis

A

A joint, a point of contact between bones and cartilage

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2
Q

Gomphosis

A

Root of a tooth in its socket

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3
Q

Arthrology

A

The study of joints

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4
Q

3 classifications of Joints

A
  1. Fibrous Joints (no movement)
  2. Cartilaginous Joints (bones held together by cartilage)
  3. Synovial Joints (bones separated by lubricated joint cavity/ major movement)
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5
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Joints with no movement (skull/teeth)
Located in skull / teeth

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6
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bones held together by cartilage, limited movement
Located in spine, ribs, pubis

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7
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Bones separated by lubricated joint cavity/ major movement (hip, knee, fingers)
Located in shoulder, elbow, knee

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8
Q

Structure of Synovial Joint

A

Bones, cartilage, synovial fluid and layer of ligament

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9
Q

Ligaments

A

Strong fibrous tissue connecting bone to bone

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10
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscle to bone

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11
Q

Bursae

A

Synovial fluid filled sacks that provide padding between tissues of the body

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12
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Serves as a “shock absorber” that covers the ends of bones where they join to form synovial joints

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13
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Head (turn) Forearms (twist) Rotation at base of skull & elbow

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14
Q

Condyloid Joint/Ellipsoidal

A

Elbow, Wrist, Carpals flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

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15
Q

Ball & Socket Joints

A

Shoulder & hip joints

8 shoulder joint movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal abduction, and horizontal adduction)

6 hip joint movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) that combine to move the leg

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16
Q

Gliding/Planar Joint

A

Bones that slide across each other
Found in Ankles, Wrists & Spine

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17
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Knee, Elbow, fingers (knuckles), toes and ankles Flexion/extension

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18
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Shoulder, Thumb and Inner Ear
Flexion, extension, abduction, Adduction

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19
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints

A
  1. Hinge / knees, elbows & fingers
  2. Ball & socket -shoulder & hip
  3. Saddle -thumb, shoulder
  4. Condylar / Episodically -knuckles
  5. Pivot / head & fore arm (turn/twist)
  6. Gliding/Planar - ankles, wrist, spine, acromion-clavicle joint
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20
Q

LCL

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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21
Q

MCL

A

Medial collateral ligament

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22
Q

ACL

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

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23
Q

PCL

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

24
Q

Flexion

A

shorten /decrease joint angle

Knee flexion is a movement that decreases angle between thigh and shin (curling heel to glutes).
Knee extension is a movement that increases angle between thigh and shin (kicking your leg straight)

25
Q

Extension

A

Increase joint angle/ extend elbow
Sagittal plane motion

26
Q

Hypertension

A

Joint extends backwards beyond anatomical position in the sagittal plane

27
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Ankle moves toward shin (dorsal part of foot)

28
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Ankle pointing downwards /pointed toe

29
Q

Anterior Pelvis Tilt

A

Top of pelvis points forward (arched back)

30
Q

Posterior Pelvis Tilt

A

Top of pelvis points backward (tailbone tucked in)

31
Q

Lateral pelvis tilt

A

Top of pelvis lifts sideways (takes place in frontal plane)

32
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of limb sideways away from mid line along the frontal plane (taken “away” from /abducted)

33
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of limb sideways towards midline along frontal plane
(“Add in”)

34
Q

Elevation

A

Movement of scapulae or mandible upwards (shrugging shoulder)

35
Q

Depression

A

Movement of scapulae or mandible downwards (droopping shoulders)

36
Q

Inversion

A

Movement of foot/ sole inwards

37
Q

Eversion

A

Movement of foot/ sole turned outward

38
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around its own axis (turning head)

39
Q

Medial rotation

A

Turning movement of limb toward midline (turning foot inward / thumb up)

40
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Turning movement of limb away from midline (foot outward / thumb down)

41
Q

Horizontal adduction

A

Movement of arms together in transverse plane (dumbbell chest fly)

42
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

moving away from midline in the horizontal plane (dumbbell chest fly)

43
Q

Supination

A

Occurs in forearms, palms facing up or forward “carrying soup”

44
Q

Pronation

A

Occurs in forearms, palms facing down or backwards “pouring soup”

45
Q

Protraction

A

Forward movement in the transverse plane of scapula, clavicle or mandible (rounding shoulder blades away from each other)

46
Q

Retraction

A

Backward movement in the transverse plane of the scapulae, clavicle or mandible (squeezing shoulder blades together)

47
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement that draws circles at distal end of limb (hip & shoulder)

48
Q

3 Effects of aging on joints

A

1.Decreased production of synovial fluid
2. Thinning of articular cartilage
3. Loss of ligament length & ROM

49
Q

6 movements of the Scapula

A

-Elevation (shoulder shrug)
-Depression (shoulder slouch)
-Adduction (squeeze blades together)
-Abduction (separate shoulder blades)
-Upward rotation (outward/lateral)
-Downward rotation (inward/medial)

50
Q

8 Movements of the foot & ankle

A

Inversion (toes in towards midline)
Extension (toes pointing outwards)
Plantar (pointed toe)
Dorsal (flexed toe)
Pronation
Supination
Flexion (phalanges)
Extension (phalanges)

51
Q

10 movements of the Hips & Shoulders

A

Flexion
Extension
Hypertension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Circumduction

52
Q

3 Movements of the Pelvis

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

53
Q

5 movements of the spine

A

Flexion
Extension
Rotation left/right
Hypertension
Lateral Flexion

54
Q

4 movements of the wrist

A

Flexion
Extension
Radial deviation (abduction)
Ulnar deviation (Adduction)

55
Q

3 movements of the knee & elbow

A

Flexion
Extension
Rotation

56
Q

Hip Bone vs Hip joint

A

Hip bones are the ilium bones
Hip joint is the femur bone inserting into the pelvis acetabulum (hip socket)

Fitness Theory (15 decks)

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