Skeletal-muscular System , Excretory System , & Nervous System

Question 0

Endoskeleton

Answer 0

Alive, surrounded by periosteum (around bone) which is the site of attachment of ligaments and tendons. Muscles only pull (contract)

Question 1

Exoskeleton

Answer 1

In insects & crustaceans, made of chitin, not alive, molt to grow (shead their skin and grow a new one)

Question 2

Ligaments

Answer 2

Attach bone to bone

Question 3

Tendons

Answer 3

Attach muscle to bone

Question 4

Osteocytes (bone cells)

Answer 4

Osteoblasts: secrete alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes which cause phosphorus and calcium to crystallize. Osteoclasts: secrete enzymes that dissolve calcium and phosphorus crystals and return them to the blood under hormonal control

Question 5

Osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Wear & tear and increases with weight use and age

Question 6

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 6

An autoimmune disease. Your immune system detects the joints as an invader and destroys the joints

Question 7

Ball and socket joints

Answer 7

Shoulders and hips

Question 8

Hinge joint

Answer 8

Elbow and knee

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

A chemical that crosses the nerve. Synapse to complete the message. Acetylcholine us the neurotransmitter that activates skeletal muscle.

Question 10

Smooth muscle

Answer 10

Involuntary muscle, muscle around arteries, muscles for peristalsis in the esophagus and intestine, around stomach.

Question 11

Central nervous system

Answer 11

Includes the brain and spinal column

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 12

Which includes the physical sensory nerves for touch, heat, and light. Chemical sensory nerves include taste and smell. Automatic motor nerves that include sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves (effectors)

Question 13

Neuron

Answer 13

Cell body includes a nucleus and many mitochondria and receptors called dendrites which are very specific. Schwanns cells are along the axon. The axon carries an electric current which jumps between node of ranvier speeding up transmissions. Axon terminals release a neurotransmitter that crosses synaps. The nerve cells pumps out sodium ions via active transport. They also pump in potassium ions giving the cell potential energy

Question 14

Reflex

Answer 14

Bypasses the brain by going to the sensory nerve to the spinal column and to an interneuron and to the motor nerve

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

For thinking and analysis. Right side for creative though and left for analysis and math

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

Thermal regulation: if there’s a low temperature there could be shivering and increases cellular respiration. If there’s a high temperature there could be perspiration and more blood toward the skin. It also controls the glucose levels. If there’s too much glucose the pancreas will produce more insulin to move it to the cells. Little glucose causes hunger and the release of glucagon to break down glycogen into glucose