Skeletal System- Gross Anatomy

Question 1

What bones does the axial skeleton consist off? 4pts

Answer 1

Skull
hyoid bone (bone in chin)
Vertebral Column
Thoracic (rib) cage

Question 2

How many bones are present in the skull?

Answer 2

22

plus 6 auditory ossicles (small bone) that function in hearing

Question 3

What are the two portions of bone within the skull?

Answer 3

Neurocranium (Braincase)

Viscerocranium (Facial Bones)

Question 4

What does the neurocranium surround and protect?

Answer 4

the brain

Question 5

What are the three main functions of the Viscerocranium (facial bones)

Answer 5

protect sensory organs - tongue, eyes + nose

Function as attachment sites for muscles of mastication, facial expression, and eye movement

Maxilla and mandible have alveolar processes and sockets for tooth attachment

Note: frontal and ethmoid contribute to the face and mandible is not part of the skull

Question 6

What are the 5 main functions of the vertebral column?

Answer 6

support weight of head and trunk

protect spinal cord

Allows spinal nerves to exit spinal cord

Provide site for muscle attachment

Permits movement of head and trunk

Question 7

In an adult, how many bones are present within the vertebral column?

Answer 7

26

Question 8

What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column?

Answer 8

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral Bone

Coccygeal bone

Question 9

How many vertebrae are present within each region of the vertebral column?

Answer 9

Cervical 7
Thoracic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacral bone 1
Coccygeal bone 1

Question 10

Where are intervertebral disks found?

Answer 10

between adjacent vertebrae

Question 11

What are the 2 main functions of the intervertebral disk?

Answer 11

Provide support

Prevent vertebrae rubbing against
each other

Question 12

With age, what occurs to the intervertebral disks?

Answer 12

Becomes compressed - height decreases

With age, more susceptible to
herniation (suffer a hernia)

Question 13

What are the two functions of the rib cage?

Answer 13

protect vital organs

forms semi ridged chamber for respiration

Question 14

What are the two components of the rib cage?

Answer 14

Thoracic Vertebrae

Ribs (12 pairs)

Question 15

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 15

12

Question 16

What are the two types of rib pairs?

Answer 16

True or Vertebrosternal

False

Question 17

Which ribs are known as the true or Vertebrosternal pairs?

Answer 17

rib pairs 1 to 7

Question 18

What does the ‘true’ rib pairs attach to?

Answer 18

Attach directly to sternum via
costal cartilages

Question 19

Which ribs are knows as the ‘false’ rib pairs?

Answer 19

8-12

Vertebrochondral
joined by
common cartilage
to sternum

Question 20

Which rib pairs of the ‘false’ section of the cage are knows as Vertebrochondral? And how are they joined?

Answer 20

8-10

joined by common cartilage
to sternum

Question 21

Which of the false rib pairs are known as the ‘floating vertebral’?

Answer 21

11 + 12

do not attach to sternum

Question 22

What are the three components of the sternum?

Answer 22

manubrium

Body - third through seventh ribs articulate
◦ Also called gladiolus

Xiphoid Process- inferior tip

Question 23

What are the three components that make up the appendicular system?

Answer 23

Girdles- Pectoral or shoulder/ Pelvic

Upper limbs

Lower limbs