Skeletal system- Joints

Question 1

What makes up the appendicular system?

Answer 1

Girdles (pectoral and pelvic)

Upper limbs (arms, forearm, wrist, hands)

Lower limbs (thigh, leg, foot)

Question 2

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

Coxal bones and sacrum (form ring)

pelvis (coccyx)

Hip- right and left (ilium, ischium, pubis)

Acetabulum- articulates with head of femur

Question 3

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 3

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Gomphoses (teeth)

Question 4

What are the three main characteristics of fibrous joints?

Answer 4

united by fibrous connective tissue

have no joint cavity

Move little or none

Question 5

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints and what type of cartilage are they made of?

Answer 5

Synchondroses composed of hyaline cartilage

Symphyses composed of fibrocartilage

Question 6

What type of joint unites two bones by the means of cartilage by which they are composed?

Answer 6

cartilaginous joints

Question 7

What are the key characteristics of synchondroses joints?

Answer 7

type of cartilaginous joint

composed/joined of hyaline cartilage

little/ no movement occurs

some are temporary/ some are permanent

Question 8

Where can you find the cartilaginous joint synchondroses?

Answer 8

epiphyseal plate

Costal cartilage of first rib (sternocostal synchondroses)

Question 9

What are the key characteristics of symphyses joints?

Answer 9

type of cartilaginous joint

composed of fibrocartilage which unites 2 bones

Question 10

what are some examples of symphyses joints?

Answer 10

symphysis pubis

between the manubrium sternum and the body of the sternum

intervertebral disks

Question 11

what are the main characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 11

contain synovial fluid

allow considerable movement

made of articular hyaline cartilage which provides smooth surface

has a joint cavity which encloses articular surfaces

capsule

Question 12

Which joint has no blood vessels or nerves in its articular cartilages?

Answer 12

synovial

gets nutrients from nearby blood vessels and synovial fluid

Question 13

Explain the characteristics of the capsule in a synovial joint?

3 pts

Answer 13

fibrous capsule:
made of dense irregular connective tissue, continuous with fibrous layer of the periosteum.

Synovial membrane and fluid: membrane lines inside of joint
capsule except at actual articulation of articular cartilages. Thin, delicate

Nerves in capsule help brain know position of joints (proprioception)

Question 14

what are the 5 main accessory structures?

Answer 14

Bursae

ligaments and tendons= stabilization

articular disks

menisci

tendon sheaths

Question 15

What is meant by the accessory structure knows as bursae?

Answer 15

Pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint

Found in areas of friction

◦ Bursitis = inflammation off bursae

Question 16

What is an articular disk?

Answer 16

thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage present in several joints which separates synovial cavities.

This separation of the cavity space allows for separate movements to occur in each space

Question 17

Which 3 joints are articular disks found at?

Answer 17

temporomandibular

sternoclavicular

acromioclavicular

Question 18

What is meant by the term menisci?

Answer 18

fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee

Question 19

What are tendon sheaths?

Answer 19

synovial sacs that surround tendons as they pass near or over bone

Question 20

what are the three types of synovial joints?

Answer 20

uniaxial = occurring around 1 axis

biaxial=occurring around 2 axes at right angles to each other

Multiaxial= occurring around several axis

Question 21

What are the characteristics of plane or gliding joints?

Answer 21

uniaxial

type of synovial joint

some rotation possible but limited by
surrounding structures

Question 22

What are some examples of plane/ gliding joints?

Answer 22

Facet joints of the spine

Intercarpal joints of the wrist

Intertarsal joints of the midfoot

Acromioclavicular joint (between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle)

Joints between the metacarpal bones of the hand

Joints between the cuneiform bones of the foot

Question 23

What are the characteristics of saddle joints?

Answer 23

biaxial

type of synovial joint

Example: thumb (carpometacarpal
pollicis), intercarpal, sternoclavicular

Question 24

What are the characteristics of a hinge joint?

Answer 24

uniaxial

type of synovial joint

Convex cylinder in one bone; corresponding concavity in the other

Example: elbow, ankle,
interphalangeal

Question 25

Describe the characteristics of a pivot joint

Answer 25

uniaxial

type of synovial joint

Cylindrical bony process rotating within a circle of bone and ligament

Example: articulation between dens of axis and atlas (atlantoaxial), proximal radioulnar, distal radioulnar

Question 26

What is meant by the term ‘bony process’?

Answer 26

A bony process is a bulging bony outgrowth of a larger bone

Question 27

What are the characteristics of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 27

multiaxial

type of synovial joint

Examples: shoulder and hip joints

Question 28

Describe the characteristics of an ellipsoid joint?

Answer 28

Also known as condyloid

type of synovial joint

biaxial

Modified ball-and-socket; articular
surfaces are ellipsoid

Example: atlanto-occipital