Skeleton System - Axial

Question 1

Axial skeleton three parts?

Answer 1

1. Skull
2. Vertebral column
3. Bony thorax

Question 2

Skull is made up of?

Answer 2

Cranial (8) and facial bones (14)

Question 3

Bones are joined by what?

Answer 3

Sutures (joints that are not moveable)

Only mandible is attached by a freely moveable joint

Question 4

What are the 8 Cranium flat bones?

Answer 4

1. Frontal bone
2. Occipital bone
3. Ethmoid bone
4. Sphenoid bone
   5-6. Parietal bones (pair)
   7-8. Temporal bones (pair)

Question 5

Foramen magnum

Answer 5

Where spinal cord goes

Question 6

3 Key facial bones

Answer 6

Maxillae - 2 bones fused together, forms upper jaw
Mandible - single bone, forms lower jaw
Nasal - forms nose

Question 7

What are the 14 facial bones? (All paired except mandible and vomer)

Answer 7

1. Maxillae
   3-4. Zygomatics
   5-7. Palatines
   7-8. Nasals (nose)
   9-10. Lacrimals
   11-12. Inferior nasal conchae
2. Mandible
3. Vomer

Question 8

What is Paranasal sinuses?

Answer 8

Hollow portions of bones surrounding nasal cavity.

Question 9

Hyoid bone?

Answer 9

Attachment site for muscles, larynx, tongue, pharynx

Aids in swallowing and speech

Question 10

auditory ossicles?

Answer 10

Enclosed in temporal bone

Question 11

Fetal skull size

Answer 11

1/4 of body length compared to adult skull which is 1/8 of body length

Question 12

What are fontanels?

Answer 12

Fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones (soft spots in babies heads, which are molded during birth)

Can feel pulse over fontanels

Question 13

Fontanels functions?

Answer 13

• aids in birth
• allows brain to grow
• convert bone within 24 months after birth by osteoblasts secreting calcium phosphate into the matrix

Question 14

Fontanels (large and small)

Answer 14

Largest - diamond shaped called anterior frontanel

Smaller - triangular shaped called posterior fontanel

Question 15

How many bones in Vertebral column?

Answer 15

26 bones (24 vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx) separated by disc

Question 16

Function of vertebral column?

Answer 16

Provides support, protects spinal cord and maintains upright position

Question 17

Vertebral canal

Answer 17

-Encloses spinal cord
- spaces between successive vertebrae (intervertebral foramina) : passageway for nerves and blood vessels

Question 18

Primary curvature

Answer 18

• born with this
• C shaped spinal curvature of thoracic and sacral regions

Question 19

Secondary curvature

Answer 19

• develop after birth
• s shaped spinal curvature of the cervical and lumbar regions

Question 20

Kyphosis

Answer 20

Question 21

Lordosis

Answer 21

Question 22

Scoliosis

Answer 22

Question 23

Intervertebral discs? Function? Composed?

Answer 23

Pad of flexible fibrocartilage called a disc (cushions and provides spinal flexibility)

Composed primarily of water (90%) reduced with age

Question 24

Bony thorax function?

Answer 24

Forms cage to protect organs

Question 25

Bony thorax is consists of which 3 parts?

Answer 25

1. Sternum
2. Ribs
3. Thoracic vertebrae - attachment for the ribs

Question 26

1. Sternum

Answer 26

• manubrium
• body
• xiphoid process

Question 27

2. Ribs

Answer 27

• true ribs (pairs 1-7)
• false ribs (pairs 8-12)
• floating ribs (pairs 11-12)
• intercostal spaces (ICS) are between ribs (important for breathing

Question 28

Why are they called Floating ribs?

Answer 28

Last two pairs of ribs. Do not attach to sternum