Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > SKIN > Flashcards

SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

Old assumption about skin

A

Just a protective covering no more no less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does skin need to be able to do (4)

A

1.mould to different shapes
2.stretch or harden
3.feel sensations
4.communicate between environment and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

skin is the ___ organ in the human body

A

largest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Layers of epithelial (3)

A
  1. horny layer (Stratum Corneum)
  2. Squamous epithelial
  3. Basal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are functions of squamous epithelial cells

A

physical barrier and regulation immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

basal cells

A

lower part; divide constantly to replace squamous cells, as they move up replace squamous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

horny layer (stratum Corneum)

A

dead cells with no nuclei and high amounts of keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do melanocytes do

A

produce brown pigments to protect against UV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

six functions of skin

A

sensation
heat regulation
absorption
protection
Excretion
secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

difference between excretion and secretion

A

excretion is elimination of toxic waste through sweat where secretion is sweat and sebum to make the acid mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

whats the most common non specific stain

A

Haematoxylin and Eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heamatoxylin is ____ and its used to stain ____

A

basic, acid such as DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eosin is a ___ and its used to stain ___

A

acid, basic such as cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

whats the most common specific staining

A

immunohistochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the basic principle of immunohistochemistry

A

use other species immune system to tag a specific protein with antigen, Two antigens from different species, the second with coloured products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the coloured products used in immunohistochemistry

A

peroxidase or Alkaline phosphates

16
Q

what is immunofluorescence

A

the same as immunohistochemistrty however using florescent dye to get more colours

17
Q

what is Epidermolysis Bullosa

A

skin fragility disorder

18
Q

what mutation causes EB

A

mutations in Keratins 5 and 14 which code for filaments in hemidesosomes anchoring complex

19
Q

microscopic characteristic of EB

A

clumped keratin filaments, blisters

20
Q

how does EB exist on a spectrum

A

depends where the mutations is.

21
Q

how do we know what mutations cause EB

A

mouse experiment

22
Q

what does normal skin defence system include (3)

A

constitutive (PSORIASIN)
Inducible (defensives, LL-37)
Cytokines (TNFalpha)

23
Q

characteristics of acute lesions

A

last from days to weeks, inflammatory infiltrates (;lymphocytes and macrophages not neutrophils)

24
Q

characteristics of chronic lesions

A

months to years associated with dermal fibrosis

25
Q

what is psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory dermatosi, seems to be autoimmune based with strong genetic component

26
Q

what are the triggers of psoriasis

A

genetic
environmental (stress smoking…)

27
Q

psoriasis morphology (5)

A
  1. rete ridges
  2. Parakertotic scale
  3. Superficial perivascular infiltrate
  4. dilated blood vessel
  5. clumps of neutrophils in parakertotic
28
Q

basic mechanism of psoriasis

A

LL37 converts DNA to selantigen
dendrites activate T cells
Cytokines and groth factors

29
Q

possible psoriasis treatments

A
  1. antagonizing local cytokines and chemokine
  2. blocking adhesion molecules
  3. modification of keratinocyte proliferation
  4. blocking entry of dermal T cells to epidermis
30
Q

what is melanoma

A

most deadly skin cancer, relatively common

31
Q

what predicts the risk of spread in melanoma

A

Vertical thickness

32
Q

what mutations in tumour suppressors are common in melanoma

A

p16 and p14

33
Q

No

A

Yes

34
Q

Does dermis play a role in adaptive immunity

A

Yes

35
Q

Defence of normal skin (3)

A

Constitutive antimicrobial
Inducible antimicrobial
Pro inflammatory cytokines

36
Q

Chronic inflammatory dermatitis

A

Psoriasis type of chronic lesion

37
Q

Hives are considered to be a

A

A cute lesion

Pathology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions