skin diseases

Question 1

what does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 1

nails, hair, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Question 2

what part of the skin is the upper bloodless portion

Answer 2

epidermis

Question 3

what does epidermis consist of?

Answer 3

consist of keratinocytes that produce keratin

Question 4

where is keratinocytes produced and where do they end up dead?

Answer 4

they are produced in the substratum basale and after two weeks they get pushed to the stratum corneum where they eventually die

Question 5

which think- layered connective tissue lies beneath the epidermis and also contains sweat glands?

Answer 5

dermis

Question 6

which glands produce acidic sebum found in our face, scalp etc. ?

Answer 6

sebaceous glands

Question 7

bromhidrosis is known as

Answer 7

body odour

Question 8

what are the 4 microbial species that is stable in humans?

Answer 8

• actinobacteria
• firmicutes
• bacteroidetes
• proteobacteria

Question 9

where is diversity of bacteria lowest and highest in?

Answer 9

it is lowest in sebaceous sites (oily sites) such as forehead and it is highest in Dry sites such as armpits

Question 10

how does acne occur?

Answer 10

a gram positive rod shaped bacteria called P. acne, degrades lipids in the sebum and sticks to fatty acid products aiding growth

Question 11

what is the two ways comedones exist as?

Answer 11

black head- follicles in sebum plug does not block the pore, and oxidizes melanin thats why it displays the black colour
white head- blockage complete and air cannot oxidize melanin, causing follicles to remain white

Question 12

what is polymicrobial

Answer 12

is a result of more than one infectious agent

Question 13

describe acute wound and how it can lead to infections?

Answer 13

acute wounds can be from cuts or bites, or from tubes such as caterers inserted into patients, that can potentially cause blood infections

Question 14

what microbe is gram positive, coccus-shaped, facultative anaerobic and are normal human skin?

Answer 14

staphylococcus epidermis

Question 15

which bacterial infection can cause abscess and/or produce exotoxins

Answer 15

staphylococcus aureus (a gram positive bacteria).

Question 16

what is abscess

Answer 16

a pus- filled lesion

Question 17

what is furuncle (boil)?

Answer 17

it is a warm painful abscess that develops in hair follicle

Question 18

what are carbuncles?

Answer 18

a group of connected, deeper abscesses

Question 19

how is abscess, furuncle, and carbuncles treated?

Answer 19

with antibiotics and debridement.

debridement involves the removal of dead, damaged infected skin tissue.

Question 20

another name for high- contagious blisters which is found in most children

Answer 20

Impetigo

Question 21

what kind of syndrome causes red and wrinkled, sand-paper appearance to the skin

Answer 21

scalded syndrome

Question 22

wat is toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 22

it results from sunburn, skin abscess, surgery.

Question 23

b- hemolytic and Alpha hemolytic stretococci

Answer 23

alpha hemolytic: turns blood agar an olive green colour and destroys red blood cell in the medium
beta hemolytic: produces clear colourless zones around the colonies due to destruction of red blood cell

Question 24

Group A streptococci (GAS) which includes S. pyogenes are?

Answer 24

are beta hemolytic

Question 25

M- proteins

Answer 25

are virulence factor that are found in cell wall.

Question 26

streptococcal pharyngtis is also called?

Answer 26

strep throat

Question 27

what is cellulitis

Answer 27

a severe fast- spreading skin infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues which results in trauma or eczema.

Question 28

Erysipelas

Answer 28

when the skin lesion gets bigger and invades the lymphatic vessels, appearing red and swollen

Question 29

necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 29

dangerous infection that destroys muscles and soft skin tissue. The pathogens reach tissue and produce toxins causing necrosis (cell death)

Question 30

gas gangrene

Answer 30

a soil bourne disease which results in traumatic wound

Question 31

pseudomonas

Answer 31

some of these gram negative rod shape species produce fluorescent pigment that can glow

Question 32

leprosy of hansen disease

Answer 32

caused by mycobacterium leprae which infects the skin and nerves causing deformities
- disfigures bones, twists limbs

Question 33

mycobacterium leprae?

Answer 33

is aerobic and bacillus