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MSCT > Skin Histology Overview > Flashcards

Skin Histology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the epidermal layers of the skin from superficial to deep?

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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2
Q

What is the highest epidermal layer in which living cells are found?

A

Stratum granulosum

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of the granules produced by the stratum granulosum?

A

Lipid-containing, membrane coated lamellar granules; exocytosed to produce a waterproof barrier

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of the stratum corneum?

A

Composed of non-nucleated keratinocytes, important to barrier function

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5
Q

What is orthokeratosis?

A

Normal “basket-weave” stratum corneum

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6
Q

Epidermal cells in the stratum spinosum are joined together by what type of cell junction?

A

Desmosomes

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7
Q

Stratum lucidum is only found in what type of skin?

A

Acral skin

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8
Q

What type of keratosis is seen in acral skin?

A

Compact orthokerarosis

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9
Q

What are the four types of cell found in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells

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10
Q

Melanocytes are found in which layer of the skin?

A

Stratum spinosum

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11
Q

What type of embryological cells are keratinocytes derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

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12
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells that reside in the epidermis

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13
Q

What are Birbeck bodies?

A

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles found only in Langerhans cells

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14
Q

Langerhans cells are found in which layer of the skin?

A

Stratum spinosum

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15
Q

Where are Merkel cells found?

A

Dermis and epidermis

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16
Q

What is the function of Merkel cell aggregates?

A

Act as tactile corpuscles

17
Q

What are the six primary components of the dermis?

A

Collagen, elastic tissue, fibroblasts, epidermal appendages, blood vessels, and nerves

18
Q

What are the histological features of solar elastosis seen with an H&E stain?

A

Blue-grey discoloration of elastic fibers

19
Q

How do merocrine glands secrete their contents?

A

Vesicles containing secretory products release their contents into the duct

20
Q

How do apocrine glands secrete their products?

A

Secretory products stored in the cell are released into by pinching off of part of the cell membrane.

21
Q

How do holocrine glands secrete their products?

A

The entire cell containing secretory products is shed into the duct; the cell then dies and releases its secretory products

22
Q

What are the components of the pilosebaceous unit?

A

Hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle

23
Q

Sebaceous glands are found everywhere EXCEPT in what type of skin?

A

Acral skin on the palms and soles

24
Q

What is the function of sebum?

A

Provides emollients to the skin and hair

25
Q

When do sebaceous glands become functionally active?

A

At puberty

26
Q

Sebaceous glands undergo what type of secretion?

A

Holocrine secretion

27
Q

Where are apocrine glands typically found?

A

Axillae and groin

28
Q

When do apocrine glands become functionally active?

A

At puberty

29
Q

What stimulates the secretion of apocrine glands?

A

Excitement or fear

30
Q

Why is the secretion of apocrine glands odorous?

A

Action of cutaneous microorganisms

31
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands typically found?

A

Everywhere except mucous membranes

32
Q

What is the hypodermis (subcutis)?

A

The fat layer that separates the dermis from deeper underlying structures

33
Q

What is the purpose of the hypodermis?

A

Insulates the body, serves as an energy supply, cushions and protects the skin, and allows for mobility over underlying structures

34
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Thickened stratum corneum

35
Q

What is acanthosis?

A

Thickened spinous layer

36
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

Loss of attachment between keratinocytes

37
Q

What is parakeratosis?

A

Presence of keratinocytic nuclei in the stratum corneum

38
Q

What is spongiosis?

A

Intraepidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intracellular spaces

39
Q

What is hypergranulosis?

A

Increased thickness of the stratum granulosum

MSCT (14 decks)

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