Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
What are the two types of sleep apnoea?
Obstructive
Central
which type of sleep apnoea is most common?
Obstructive sleep apnoea
What is obstructive sleep apnoea?
When theres a blockage of the airways causing irregular breathing and snoring patterns - often leading to apnoea
What are the causes of obstructive sleep apnoea?
Swollen adenoids Swollen tonsils Jaw misalignment Obesity - soft tissue pressing down Hormonal changes at night Consuming depressants - sleeping pills, alcohol
What is central sleep apnoea?
When the CNS (brain) stops making an effort to breathe.
What is the cycle that’s seen in CNS sleep apnoea?
Person hyperventilates - hypocapnia.
Too little CO2 leads to person stopping breathing - hypercapnoea.
Too much CO2 leads to hyperventilation.
Cycle continues
How long does apnoea in CNA apnoea last?
10-30 seconds - can last for a few seconds once patient wakens up triggering panic
What are the symptoms of sleep apnoea?
Fatigue Anginal chest pain - due to drop in O2 stress induced insomnia nocturia headaches difficulty concentrating sleep deprivation
What does sleep apnoea increase your risk of?
Heart failure Diabetes Respiratory failure Certain cancers Stroke Hypertension
How is sleep apnoea diagnosed?
Sleep study - polysomnogram
What is the treatment for sleep apnoea?
Obstructive - surgery
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Avoid depressants - alcohol and sleeping pills
Weight loss
Smoking cessation
What are the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea?
Obesity Male Smoking Alcohol excess Micrognathia Neuromuscular disease
