slope processes

Question 1

what is mass movement

Answer 1

downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity. it does not include the work of erosive agents such as running water or glaciers

Question 2

creep

Answer 2

very slow downslope movement of soil and weathered debris

Question 3

fall

Answer 3

loose material moves down through the air under gravity

Question 4

flow

Answer 4

loose material movs downslope under gravity, keeping contact with the surface
-individual particles move separately within the flow

Question 5

slide

Answer 5

section of a hillside becomes unstable, shears away and moves downhill in a sudden, rapid movement

Question 6

slump

Answer 6

material moves in a rotational way downslope under gravity along an inclined slip plane

Question 7

creep/heave example

Answer 7

isle of purbeck chalk hills near swanage

Question 8

slide example

Answer 8

vaiont dam disaster Italy 1963

Question 9

flow/slump example

Answer 9

2017 Sierra Leone mudslide where 144 people were killed

Question 10

fall example

Answer 10

French alps

Question 11

physical causes of mass movement

Answer 11

-precipitation
-earthquakes
-steep slopes

Question 12

human causes of mass movement

Answer 12

-vegetation removal
-traffic vibrations
-excavations
-urbanisation

Question 13

pinning

Answer 13

drilling a long hole in rock and inserting a metal rod

Question 14

netting

Answer 14

nets over cliff faces

Question 15

gabions

Answer 15

boxes of metal mesh filled with rocks

Question 16

drainage

Answer 16

trench filled with permeable aggregate

Question 17

grading

Answer 17

slope has been cut to be more gentle

Question 18

afforestation

Answer 18

planting trees reduces soil erosion and increases turgidity

Question 19

grouting

Answer 19

injecting rocks with cement

Question 20

shotcrete

Answer 20

spraying loose rocks with concrete

Question 21

hazard mapping

Answer 21

-created using knowledge of previous mass movements in the area
-maps of the route taken by mass movements in the area are produced