Slow Elimination Flashcards
Hirschsprung Disease
Parasympathetic ganglion of the large intestine do not develop. Causes the affected segment of the colon to lack the ability to relax and move bowel contents along. Causes constipation
Bulk Forming Laxatives:
- Pull water into the stool and add size
ex. Metamucil. water intake is a must
Stool Softeners
Pulls water and fat into stool
ex. Colace, decreases straining, often given to pts post MI or surgery.
Saline and Osmotic Laxatives
Pull water into stool:
Milk of Magnesia, Lactulose
(Acts fast)
Milk of Magnesia is renally excreted. Lactulose not absorbed.
Stimulant Laxatives
irritants-increase peristalsis:
ex. Dulcolax, senna (Exlax), castor oil.
Do not use if obstruction.
Lubricating Laxatives
mineral oil, glycerine (often given rectally)
also enemas - fast evacuation of the bowel. Give with pt on left side. water and electrolyte
Antihistamines for Nausea
H1 receptors
- reduce vestibular excitation
ex. gravol (dimenhydrinate)
meclizine (dramamine)
Diclectine (doxylamine, pyridoxine hydrocloride).
only diclectin for pregnant
Ginger for Nausea
increases intestinal peristalsis
overdose: bleeding and CNS depression
Anticholinergic for Nausea
- reduce vestibular excitation
- some affinity to H1 receptors
ex. scopolamine (hyoscine) as a transdermal patch
Serotonin receptor antagonsits - 5HT3 for Nausea
Ondansetron (Zofran)
- for visceral pain and chemo pts.
Phenothiazines
Stimulates GI motility by d2 receptor antagonism
ex. Metoclopramide (maxeran, reglan), prochlorperazine (stemetil)
can cross the BBB can cause sedation. often used to place the NJ tube as it helps keep things open
Cannabinoids for Nausea
THC and CBD act on CB1 and CB2 receptors.
meds are dronabinol and cesamet.
These stimulate GABA (inhibits sympathetic activity) the pt may be slightly sedated.
