Sociology

Question 1

What are social institutions?

Answer 1

In sociology, social institutions are like the “big structures” in society that help organize and shape people’s lives. They’re kind of like the building blocks of society.
Maintain social order.

Question 1

What is a “Phenomena”

Answer 1

Phenomenon is just something that happens or exists in the world.
It’s an event, situation, or occurrence that we can observe and study.

Question 2

What does it mean to be objective?

Answer 2

Objectivity in sociology is studying social issues without personal biases..

Question 3

What is “Nature or Nurture”

Answer 3

Genes or experiences?

It’s a way of exploring how our genetics and life experiences interact to shape who we are and how we behave in society.

Question 4

Define Socialisation

Answer 4

The life-long process where people learn the culture of their own society.

Question 5

Define “Values”

Answer 5

Values are the fundamental principles that a society or culture considers important.
Tells you what is “valuable” to a society.

Question 6

Beliefs

Answer 6

Beliefs are acceptances that individuals or groups hold to be true.

“Beliefs” are what people Believe to be true.

Question 7

Norms

Answer 7

Norms are the accepted rules and expectations for behaviour within a society or group; they specify whats right and wrong in a society.
“Norms” are the Normal rules of behavior in a society

Question 8

Customs

Answer 8

Customs are established and traditional practices or rituals within a culture or society.

“Customs” are like Cultural traditions or Common practices.

Question 9

Primary Socialisation

Answer 9

Primary socialisation is the first and most foundational phase of learning such as norms, values, and behaviours. It occurs during early childhood within the family and immediate surroundings.

Question 10

Secondary Socialisation

Answer 10

Secondary socialisation happens later in life and involves learning the norms, values, and behaviors associated with specific social roles.
Adapting to your social setting.

Question 11

Difference between Primary and Secondary socialisation?

Answer 11

Primary happens in the early childhood by family and environment.
While secondary happens later in life by joining different social groups.

Question 12

“Society in miniature”

Answer 12

• means that smaller groups or institutions, like schools, can work in ways that are similar to how society operates.
• It’s like a small-scale version of the larger society, showing how people interact, learn, and follow rules in a smaller setting

Question 13

Mechanical Solidarity:

Answer 13

This is when people are similar and share common values and roles in smaller communities. They stick together because they are alike.

Question 14

Organic Solidarity:

Answer 14

In larger, more complex societies, people are different and have diverse roles and jobs. They rely on each other for various things, like a big team working together.

Question 15

D__________ thought of schools as small versions of society where people learn how to be __________ and learn the right rules to follow. This helped them to understand and obey society when they_______ up.

Answer 15

1)Durkheim.
2) social
3)grow

Question 16

Durkheim in 19__, thought the most important purpose of education was to teach people the ______ & ___________ that are important to society.

Answer 16

1) 25
2) rules and beliefs

Question 17

How does Social Solidarity link to education?

Answer 17

Education teaches people the same values and beliefs,
This brings them closer and helps them understand what’s right and wrong in their society.
Creating Social Solidarity.

Question 18

Why did Durkheim think of education as important?

Answer 18

Because it teaches job, skills needed in a society as jobs have specialised skills required.
Parents may not know these skills, so it is required of school to do it.

Question 19

The consensus approach in sociology emphasises the idea that society is held together by?

Answer 19

shared values, norms, and beliefs.
It assumes that most of society agree on what is right and wrong.

Question 20

Functionalism is a key theory within what approach?

Answer 20

The consensus approach

Question 21

Functionalism suggests that society is like an ___________ with__________________ parts that contribute to its stability and functioning.

Answer 21

1) organism
2) interrelated

Question 22

Durkheim stated that social integration (when people become connected) was crucial because

Answer 22

when people feel connected and share values, it makes society stable. (Part of Functionalism)

Question 23

Functionalism focuses on how _______ ______________ and behaviours have specific functions to serve in society and contribute to its_____________ & _________________

Answer 23

1) social institutions

2) stability and harmony.

Question 24

What are the importance of Institutions?

Answer 24

Family, schools, religion, and government are like the building blocks of society.
They help keep things in order and maintain stability.

Question 25

Critics Say: Some people argue that this approach can overlook problems like? _____________ and ___________ because it focuses on the peaceful side of society.

Answer 25

1)inequality & conflict

Question 26

The consensus approach looks at society as a _________, not just at ___________ ________ or small groups.

Answer 26

1) whole
2) individual people

Question 27

Differences between consensus approach and functionalism:

Functionalism : How different parts of society work together to keep it stable, while consensus focusses on the __________ within society ___________ __________________

Answer 27

1) people
2) working together to keep it stable

Question 28

What does the consensus theory think towards education?

Answer 28

That it plays a key role to social stability as education teaches shared values and norms.
Also it teaches them the skills required in the workforce.

Question 29

What are particularisation values

Answer 29

rules that vary depending on the individuals social status.

Question 30

What are universal values

Answer 30

these are rules that apply equally to everyone

Question 31

Elaborated Code:

Answer 31

This is a complex way of communicating, often used by people with more education

Question 32

Restricted Code:

Answer 32

This is a simpler way of communicating, often used by people with less education.

Question 33

Universal Values

Answer 33

principles or beliefs that are considered to be applicable and relevant to all individuals or groups regardless of their cultural

Question 34

Particularistic Values:

Answer 34

Particularistic values are specific principles or beliefs that are unique to a particular culture or group

Question 35

Standardised Testing

Answer 35

Following strict rules so it is fair and the same for everybody - meaning it is easier to score

Question 36

Systematic Testing

Answer 36

Doing things in a way in which a clear plan is followed so things can be scored accurately

Question 37

Empiricalism

Answer 37

relying on tests which only contain observational evidence to understand

Question 38

Role allocation

Answer 38

process by which individuals in a society are assigned specific roles and matching individuals’ skills and talents with the functions that best suit them and benefit society as a whole

Question 39

instrumental values

Answer 39

principles that guide our behavior and actions to achieve certain goals or outcomes

Question 40

Davis and Moore believe education is an example of role allocation, why?

Answer 40

Because if you do

Question 41

Meritocracy

Answer 41

In a meritocracy, those who work hard and do well are recognized and given opportunities, regardless of their background or social status.

Question 42

Why did Davis and Moore think that role allocation was important in education?

Answer 42

They think this is important because it helps society run smoothly and efficiently. Education motivates people to work hard and excel, knowing they can get better jobs

Question 43

What is Human Capital?

Answer 43

the skills, knowledge, education, and abilities that individuals possess, which are considered valuable assets in the the labor market

Question 44

One function of education

Answer 44

Education is a primary institution for socializing individuals, especially young people, into the culture and expectations of their society.
Teaches behaviours
Teaches valuable skills for work

Question 45

Who discovered “Social Solidarity”

Answer 45

Durkheim

Question 46

What is social mobility

Answer 46

the idea that an individual or family can move up or down the social and economic ladder within a society.
It’s the idea that people can improve their social and economic status

Question 47

Why is social mobility important?

Answer 47

Equality of Opportunity: It promotes the idea that everyone should have a fair chance to succeed regardless of their background

Question 48

Why did Durkheim believe that education benefitted the whole of society?

Answer 48

He thought that through education, people learn the same values and rules, which makes them feel connected to their society.
This connection was crucial for maintaining social order and preventing conflicts.