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Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

What is sociology?

A

The systematic study of human society and human interaction. The study of groups and group interaction, societies, and social interaction from small and personal groups to large groups.

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2
Q

Socialization

A

-The continuing process where an individual learns the appropriate behavioral patterns, skills, and values for their social world
-Is strongest during childhood to early adulthood, but can continue for the rest of your life
+develops social skills, form relationships
-pressure to fit in, discrimination

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3
Q

Agents of Socialization

A

People and institutions that shape an individual’s social development

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4
Q

Family (most important)

A

-languages
-relationships

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5
Q

Peers

A

-Activities
-trends

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6
Q

Religion

A

-values
-meaning of life

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7
Q

Media

A

-stereotypes
-trends

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8
Q

Work

A

-rules
-money

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9
Q

Clubs/social groups

A

-social interactions
activities

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10
Q

School

A

-rules
-social setting

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11
Q

Social Stratification (class)

A

-the institutional and social processes that define certain types of occupations and goods as socially desirable

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12
Q

Roles

A

-the various parts we play in society

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13
Q

Why roles

A

-bring order to the way in which people relate to each other
-ensure jobs get done
-clue to tell you how to play your own role

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14
Q

Status

A

-refers to the positions an individual holds within a group (bus driver, lawyer, etc.)
-role and status are independent of individual personality

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15
Q

Ascribed Status

A

-is assigned at birth regardless of a person’s abilities or performances
-race, sex, age, class, etc.

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16
Q

Achieved Status

A

-determined by individual choice and performance or roles
-education, jobs, marriage, etc.

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17
Q

Prestige

A

-based on status
-some jobs have built-in prestige

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18
Q

Esteem

A

-depends on the way an individual carries out their role behavior
-the fact that a person occupies a position of high prestige does not guarantee that they will be held in high esteem
Status gives prestige
Role Behaviour gives esteem

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19
Q

Social Institutions

A

an organization or social framework whose function is to meet the basic needs of its members by providing direction and operating principles of society
(healthcare, caring for children, husband and wife, charter of rights and freedom)

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20
Q

Values

A

a collection of standards people agree on

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21
Q

Norms

A

rules or standards about acceptable ways to act

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22
Q

Laws

A

formally defined rules that are part of the legal system

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23
Q

Sanctions

A

consequences for people’s behaviour

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24
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

-a time when the middle class benefited and there was a large social gap
-when sociology developed

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25
Q

Social Perspective

A

-almost every aspect of a person’s thoughts and behaviours is strongly influenced by other people
-social situation influences behaviour

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26
Q

Culture: material

A

objects and artifacts

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27
Q

Culture: non-material

A

values, beliefs, customs, and traditions

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28
Q

Culture: transmitted

A

passed down from one generation to the next
storytelling, documented, etc.

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29
Q

Culture: shared

A

develops as people share experiences and create meaning with each other

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30
Q

Culture: cumulative

A

emerges over time

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31
Q

Culture: social

A

product of a society or group of people

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32
Q

Culture

A

consists of commonly shared values, beliefs, etc. by most members of the society

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33
Q

Subculture

A

a small group within a society who share common values beliefs, etc that are different from those of the larger group

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34
Q

Counterculture

A

a subculture that rejects shared values and replaces them with extreme views
+movements
-cults

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35
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

children learn social behaviours by observing and imitating the behaviour of those around them

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36
Q

Feral Children

A

children who have been adopted by wild animals
feral: wild, undomesticated

37
Q

Integrity

A

the quality of being honest and having morals, our self-image is a reflection of the values we believe we have

38
Q

Identity

A

how we think about and see ourselves

39
Q

Charles Cooley

A
  1. imagine how we must appear to others
  2. imagine judgment of others
  3. develop thoughts based on judgements
    the looking-glass self
40
Q

George Mead

A

same as cooley but it changes as we go through life

41
Q

Primary Socialization

A

basic skills needed to survive in society
occurs in childhood
(manners, sharing, etc.)

42
Q

Secondary Socialization

A

how to act in group situations
occurs after childhood
(make decisions, interactions, etc.)

43
Q

Anticipatory Socialization

A

Learning how to anticipate appropriate behaviours for a social situation before it happens
(knowing how to dress for an occasion without being told)

44
Q

Resocialization

A

changing behaviours from socially unacceptance to socially acceptable or better adapted to the situation
(getting training to be able to work at a new job)

45
Q

Cult

A

religious like organization that is outside a society’s cultural traditions

46
Q

Stereotype

A

an exaggerated view or judgment made about a group or class of people

47
Q

Prejudice

A

an individual judgment about or towards another social group

48
Q

Discrimination

A

the act of treating a group or individual unfairly based on their race, gender, or other common characteristics

49
Q

Systemic discrimination

A

refers to the discrimination within a system or institution

50
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting beliefs, behaviours or attitudes to match group norms or expectations
+sense of belonging
-harmful norms

51
Q

Deviance

A

beliefs, behaviours or characteristics that violate social norms or expectations in a society

52
Q

Empathy

A

ability to understand and share the feelings of others, putting yourself in their shoes

53
Q

Macro Theory

A

large scale

54
Q

Micro

A

small scale

55
Q

Direct Influences

A

social force that directly influences or shape behaviour (family, friends)

56
Q

Indirect Influences

A

social force that indirectly influences or shapes behaviour (social expectations or assumptions)

57
Q

Social Isolation

A

Academic: failure, not attending
Behavioural: aggression, substance abuse
Emotional: peer rejection, stress
Psychological: memory loss, depression

58
Q

Short term effects on feral children

A

-social skills
-adapting to society

59
Q

Long term effects on feral children

A

-language development
-walking

60
Q

Short term effects on isolated children

A

-delayed language development

61
Q

Long term effects on isolated children

A

-education
-employment

62
Q

Canadian Culture

A

-Beavers
-igloos
-maple syrup

63
Q

Forming a cult

A

prey on weak people
warm leader

64
Q

signs of cult

A

-cutting themselves off from society
-perform demining tasks
-cult promises that it will save the world

65
Q

Deception

A

led to believe the group will enrich their lives

66
Q

Dependency

A

isolation from outside support

67
Q

Dread

A

fear of losing group support which encourages members to stay

68
Q

Conflict Theory

A

examines the role the power plays in society and how it can be used to have control over others
landlords and renters

69
Q

Feminism: Liberal

A

believe in equal opportunity for all

70
Q

Feminism: Radical

A

women are oppressed
men are the problem

71
Q

Feminism: Marxist

A

economic capitalist perspective

72
Q

Feminism: Post Modern

A

experience differences with class, ethnicity, sexuality, etc.

73
Q

Feminism: 1st wave

A

voting rights

74
Q

Feminism: 2nd wave

A

equal pay

75
Q

Feminism: 3rd wave

A

increasing women in power

76
Q

Feminism: 4th wave

A

body positivity

77
Q

Ableism

A

discrimination against people with disabilities
-failing to provide accessibility

78
Q

Ageism

A

Discrimination based on a persons age
-jobs

79
Q

Classism

A

Discrimination based on a persons class
-“white trash”

80
Q

Racism

A

Discrimination based on a persons race
-racist jokes, graffiti

81
Q

Sexism

A

Discrimination based on gender
-toys, dress code

82
Q

homophobia

A

against gays
jokes

83
Q

learned theory

A

learn from seeing the behaviour of others

84
Q

competition theory

A

competition for power

85
Q

Frustration-Aggression Theory

A

develops because of lacking financial success or social status

86
Q

Ignorance theory

A

fear of cultural practice or those who ae different view others as odd or negative

87
Q

Ending Discrimination

A
  1. Include not exclude
  2. celebrate differences
  3. avoid sexist comments
88
Q

Solomon experiment

A

If there is a group of 3 or more people you are more likely to pick the answer they picked

Tests (5 decks)

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