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PTRS 845 > Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of musculoskeletal injuries?

A

Primary and secondary

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2
Q

What are causes of primary soft tissue injuries?

A

Can be self-inflicted, caused by another individual or entity, or caused by the environment.
Acute, Chronic, Acute on chronic

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3
Q

What are causes of secondary soft tissue injuries?

A

Essentially the inflammatory response that occurs with the primary injury

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4
Q

What are healing complications for soft tissue injuries?

A

Abnormalities may occur and can be due to such complications as: infection, compromised circulation, and neuropathy

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5
Q

What are the phases of healing?

A

Inflammatory, proliferative, remodeling

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6
Q

What occurs in inflammatory phase?

A

Pain at rest, with active motion, and when specific stress is applied to the injured structure.
Pain if severe enough can result in muscle guarding and loss of function

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7
Q

How long does inflammatory phase last?

A

1-6 days

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8
Q

What occurs in proliferative phase?

A

Capillary growth, granulation tissue formation, fibroblast proliferation with collagen synthesis and increased macrophage and mast cell activity

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9
Q

How long does proliferative phase last?

A

5-15 days or up to 10 weeks

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10
Q

What is the remodeling phase?

A

involves conversion of the initial healing tissue to scar tissue

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11
Q

What is length of remodeling phase?

A

lengthy phase of contraction

tissue remodeling and increasing tensile strength in the wound lasts for up to a year

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12
Q

What are common causes for persistent chronic inflammatory response?

A

infectious agents, persistent viruses, hypertrophic scarring, poor blood supply, edema, repeated direct trauma, excessive tension at wound site, hypersensitivity reactions

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13
Q

What are reasons for soft tissue dysfunction?

A

adaptive shortening, loss of tissue extensibility, decrease gliding of adjacent tissues, adhesions
Hypermobility, mm imbalance, altered ROM and neural tension

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14
Q

What are factors causing soft tissue dysfunction?

A

trauma, immobilization, scar tissue, poor lymphatic drainage, metabolic dysfunctions, hypertonicity

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15
Q

What are precautions/contraindications to soft tissue mobilization?

A

Contraindications: active malignancy, non-union fractures, obstructive edema, systemic or local infection, inflammatory skin condition, acute RA, osteomyelitis, aneurysm, thrombophlebitis, open wound, site of active hemorrhage, skin hypersensitivity
Precautions: anticoagulant therapy, mental disturbances, RA

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16
Q

What are principles of soft tissue treatment?

A 
Patient/client must be relaxed
Tell them what to expect
Use techniques in combination for increased effectiveness
Consider active participation of patient
Compliment treatment with HEP
Assess and Reassess
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17
Q

What are guidelines for treatment in acute stage?

A

use shortening/broadening techniques with active or passive pumping

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18
Q

What are guidelines for treatment in sub acute stage?

A

shortening/broadening techniques, begin lengthening just short of resistance, pumping with increased vigor

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19
Q

What are guidelines for treatment in remodeling stage?

A

muscle stretching, increase mobility to full range

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20
Q

What are techniques of Hoffa massage?

A

Stroke in direction of muscle
strokes are light and superficial
Effleurage or stroking, pettrisage or kneading, percussion, vibration

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21
Q

What are goals of Hoffa massage?

A

Increase blood flow, relaxation

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22
Q

When would you initiate Hoffa Massage?

A

Used in initiate soft tissue intervention that could lead to further technique/interventions that are directed to the underlying tissues

23
Q

What is skin gliding technique?

A

technique for petrissage

Can be treated with J-stroke

24
Q

What is skin gliding used for?

A

assess movement of skin around focal point
assess quality of movement and end feel
Find site of adhesion with scar
Can get lengthening or broadening

25
Q

What is J stroke?

A

Used to increase muscle/skin mobility
Stroke helps lengthening
J helps broadining

26
Q

What is J stroke technique?

A

2-3 fingers or knuckles

Follow muscle in parallel direction then ‘hook’ restriction using the J stroke

27
Q

What is a myofascial stroking technique?

A

Counterstrain applied with heel of hand while a stroke in shape of a J is applied in direction of the restriction

28
Q

What is use of skin rolling?

A

Effective over bony prominences

Helps with lengthening and broadening

29
Q

What is the skin rolling technique?

A

Try to gently loosen fascia when you find an area of restriction by moving tissue superior/inferior/and medial/lateral
restricted areas may look like orange peel

30
Q

What is purpose of longitudinal stroking?

A

Enables muscle elongation and reduction of tension
Lengthening
Petrissage technique

31
Q

What is technique of longitudinal stroking?

A

thumbs, fingers, elbow, or knuckles
Performed on muscle belly or where 2 muscles meet
Moderate to deep pressure along the muscle fibers (parallel)

32
Q

What is cross fiber/cross friction massage good for?

A

bring inflammation to area for healing, breaking adhesions, promote proper laying down of collagen fibers and decrease pain
assist in broadening, not lengthening

33
Q

What is technique for friction massage?

A

move transverse or perpendicular to muscle fibers and deep

usually on tendons

34
Q

What is purpose of muscle bending?

A

used to evaluate muscle mobility in relationship to surrounding structures
allows muscle belly to broaden/lengthen

35
Q

Technique for muscle bending?

A

muscle is grasped with both hands, pushing with the thumbs while pulling downward with the fingers

36
Q

What is goal of trigger point release?

A

relax, release of trigger point, increase blood flow and stretch

37
Q

What is treatment for trigger point?

A

treatment: ischemic pressure or trigger point release

hold for 1-5 minutes per point

38
Q

What are theories behind trigger point release?

A 
hyperactivity or hyperirritable spot within a taut muscle or fascia
local activation of mechanical trigger point causing muscle twitch
reproduces pain (referred or local)
39
Q

what is goal of myofascial release?

A

decrease fascial restrictions and improve healing (emotionally). treat whole person

40
Q

What are indications for use of myofascial release?

A

areas of tethered tissue resulting in adaptive shortening and muscle weakness
patient complains of areas of tightness and weakness, fatigue

41
Q

What is one negative aspect of myofascial release?

A

muscles may return to previous dysfunctional state after healing due to stress

42
Q

What is the science behind craniosacral therapy?

A

Series of pulses in body that ebb and flow

High rates of these pulses could indicate possible dysfunction, reason for fatigue and low immune response

43
Q

What causes fluctuations of pulses in body?

A

changes in cerebral spinal fluid flow and pressure

44
Q

What does craniosacral do to try and fix the fluctuations?

A

rhythmic oscillations are used to promote relaxation

45
Q

What are three options for movement therapy?

A

PNF, Feldenkrais, Alexander

46
Q

What is PNF?

A

use of diagonal patterns with a rotational component

stronger muscles facilitate weaker muscles

47
Q

What are two other techniques PNF can be used with?

A

rhythmic stabilization and isometric contractions at different points in the ROM

48
Q

What is the Feldenkrais method?

A

mvmt abnormalities develop with age, trauma, and posture changes

gentle sequencing of movement, circular movements, guided movements into pain free positions to break habitual patterns

49
Q

What is the Alexander method?

A

improve posture and body mechanics through conscious learning
position of head and neck is primary control

50
Q

What are 3 steps of Alexander treatment?

A

awareness of habit
inhibition of habit
conscious control of habit; integrate new one that is not dysfunctional

51
Q

What is strain counterstrain?

A

positional release
indirect treatment
good for acute or irritable conditions

52
Q

What is rolfing?

A

usually a series of 10 treatments to fascia to balance the body

53
Q

What is positional release?

A

Utilizes a facilitating force (compression) to enhance the effect of the position
based on strain counterstrain

54
Q

What is active release technique?

A

therapist applies pressure over adhesion in the tissue and the patient is asked to actively move the body part to elongate the muscle from shortening position (3-5 times/session)

PTRS 845 (9 decks)

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