soul mind and body scholars

Question 1

scholars named in spec/cannot miss

Answer 1

plato
aristotle
descartes
gilbert ryle

Question 2

scholars for dualism

Answer 2

plato
descartes
aquinas
john searle
david chalmers
swinburne
keith ward

Question 3

scholars for materialism

Answer 3

aristotle
gilbert ryle
paul churchland
daniel dennett
anthony flew
peter smith and o.r. jones

Question 4

aquinas

Answer 4

emphasised both the unity of the soul and body while advocating for the soul’s immortality

Question 5

john searle

Answer 5

mental states are both caused by and realised in the brain’s physical processes but are not reducible to them

Question 6

david chalmers

Answer 6

‘hard problem’ of consciousness. mental properties are non-physical but emergent from physical processes

Question 7

richard swinburne

Answer 7

from a theistic perspective, argues for the soul’s existence and its identity being independent from the physical brain

Question 8

keith ward

Answer 8

without the human soul humanity lacks any sense of final purpose and morality becomes a matter of personal choice and taste. in the bible, man is made from dust but filled with the spirit of god

Question 9

gilbert ryle

Answer 9

descartes makes a category error in his discussion of the mind body problem because he assumes that the mind is a thing in the same way the body is a thing, like someone assuming ‘team spirit’ is a material part of a team, and not a concept, or the university of oxford is an individual thing in itself instead of the name of the many parts that make it up

Question 10

paul churchland

Answer 10

common sense psychological concepts will eventually be eliminated as neuroscience progresses

Question 11

daniel dennett

Answer 11

sees the mind as a computational system. in favour of rejecting traditional concepts of the inner self or soul in favour of a more mechanistic understanding

Question 12

anthony flew

Answer 12

Cheshire cat comparison- the smile staying without the body. the grin (like the mind/soul) cannot be an independent substance from the body. the mind cannot survive after the death of the body because the body no longer has any behaviour

Question 13

peter smith and o.r. jones

Answer 13

we talk about someone’s ‘sake’ or their ‘build’ as if they were separate, while knowing that they cannot be separated. does not prove anything, just a case of language use.