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ortho 2 > space maintenance > Flashcards

space maintenance Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal and dental structures during “golden age of dentition”?

A

During the mixed dentition, the “Golden Stage of Dentition”, both skeletal and dental structures change concurrently

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2
Q

For a child with all developmental spaces, prediction goes towards? what if there are disturbances?

A

For a child with all developmental spaces, prediction goes towards a well aligned permanent dentition
On the other hand, any disturbance in these spaces, either increased or decreased, can potentially altered the outcome.

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3
Q

Space analysis quantifies what?

A

the amount of needed space (crowding/ spacing) within the arches estimating the severity of space discrepancy

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4
Q

what does space analysis compare?

A

comparison between the amount of space
available for the alignment of the teeth and the amount of space
required to align them adequately.

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5
Q

results of space analysis

A
  • Space Available and Space Required Comparison has 3 results:
  • Excess
  • OK
  • Deficiency
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6
Q

which is more common lack of space or excess

A

lack of space, but do not ignore excess space

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7
Q

crowding divisions

A
  1. Mild
  2. Moderate
  3. Severe
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8
Q

categories of excessive space?

A

or excess space there is not such a category. Each case will
be assessed based on its etiology and other factors.

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9
Q

What is Spacing?
* Spaced dentition is characterized by?
* esthetic problems?
* boys vs girls?
* localized vs generalized?

A
  • Spaced dentition is characterized by interdental spaces and lack
    of contact points between the teeth.
  • It is a common esthetic problem for many patients.
  • In studies related to young populations, it was found that
    spacing in both arches was more common in boys than girls.
  • Spacing can be localized or generalized due to the number of teeth
    included.
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10
Q

potetnial etiologies of spacing

A
  • The causes of generalized spacing
    may be:
  • Hereditary
  • Acquired
  • Functional
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11
Q

Hereditary causes of spacing include
* Tooth size-arch size?
* angulation?
* Congenitally?
* tongue?
* Supernumeraries?
* tooth size?
* frenum?

A

Hereditary causes include
* Tooth size-arch size discrepancies
* Protrusive teeth
* Congenitally missing teeth
* Macroglossia
* Supernumerary teeth
* Small teeth
* Hypertrophic frenum

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12
Q

Acquired problems for spacing can be
classified as:
* Pathologic conditions increasing?
* Missing?
* Delayed eruption?
* Perio?

A
  • Pathologic conditions increasing tongue size
  • Missing teeth
  • Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
  • Periodontal disease
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13
Q

functional causes of spacing

A

oral habits

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14
Q

What can we do for spacing?
* Orthodontics plays an important role in the management of spaced
dentition, often in cooperation with?
* To achieve the most esthetic and functional result, orthodontists must evaluate what?
* Diagnostic set-up of dental casts may be useful in?

A

What can we do?
* Orthodontics plays an important role in the management of spaced
dentition, often in cooperation with other dental departments such
as oral surgery, periodontology, esthetic dentistry, and
prosthodontics.
* To achieve the most esthetic and functional result,
orthodontists must carefully evaluate the etiologic factors.
* Diagnostic set-up of dental casts may be useful in treatment
planning and informing the patient.

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15
Q

Why should we correct spacing?
* Spacing should be corrected because it can:

A
  1. Result in gum problems due to the lack of protection by the teeth.
  2. Prevent proper functioning of the teeth.
  3. Make the smile less attractive.
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16
Q

tx options for generalized spacing

A
  1. Esthetic intervention using composite resin, Veneer, Crowns,…
  2. Orthodontic space closure.
  3. Closure of anterior spaces and opening posterior spaces
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17
Q

what is necessary after tx of generalized spacing?

A

fixed retention due to high relapse rate
Can make oral hygiene difficult

18
Q

What is a Diastema?
* The midline diastema?
* The space can be a? when?

A
  • The midline diastema is a space (or gap) between the maxillary central incisors.
  • The space can be a normal growth characteristic during the primary and mixed dentition.
19
Q

Prevalence of diastema in 10 to 12 years old children:
* more in which arch?
* African American %
* Caucasians %

A
  • More in maxilla. Between central incisors.
  • African American 19%
  • Caucasians 8%
20
Q
  • Diastemas may also be caused by:
    • Tooth size ?
  • Missing?
  • Oversized?
  • Over?
  • angulation of the teeth?
A
  • Tooth size discrepancy
  • Missing teeth
  • Oversized labial frenum.
  • Overjet
  • Protrusion of the teeth
21
Q

tx options for diastemas

A

Once the reason has determined. Options may include:
* Keep the diastema.
* Orthodontic treatment.
* Composite/Porcelain veneers
* Crown and bridge work or replacement of teeth with implants (adults only).

22
Q

oversized labial frenum tx

child vs adult tx

A

If oversized labial frenum is the reason, pt may be referred for a frenectomy.
* If the frenectomy is conducted on a child, the space may close by itself.
* If it is a teenager or adult, the space may need to be closed with braces prior to frenectomy. It is due to scar tissue which may prevent space closure by orthodontic forces

23
Q

when could diastemas close spontaneously in development, what is the implication of this?

A
  • In most cases, diastemas will close spontaneously as the canines
    erupt due to their M inclination applying forces on the incisiors
  • Little disagreement can be found that intervention to close the diastema should be deferred until the canines have fully erupted
24
Q

what size of diastemas req active intervention

removable vs fixed appliances?

A

Generally diastemas more than 2 mm require active intervention.
* Removable appliances generally close diastemas by tipping the crowns of incisors vs fixed appliances provide better control of dental alignment.

25
Q

mixed dentition caution when tx diastemas

A

In the mixed dentition, caution is necessary to avoid tipping the
roots of lateral incisors distally such that they interfere with the
erupting path of the canines.

26
Q

diastema relapse

A

There is a strong tendency toward relapse, hence a fixed retainer is
nessecary

27
Q

crowding

A

Crowding is the lack of space for all the teeth to fit normally within the jaws.

28
Q

Crowding could be as the result of:
* Twisted or displaced?
* Disharmony in the?
* Early or late loss of?
* Improper?

A
  • Twisted or displaced teeth.
  • Disharmony in the tooth to jaw size relationship.
  • Early or late loss of primary teeth
  • Improper eruption of teeth.
29
Q

Crowding etiology

A
  • The exact cause of crowding or malocclusion in general is unknown.
  • Several researchers have suggested that the problem is
    hereditary and is associated with the evolutionary development of modern humans.
  • These investigators attributed the main cause of crowding to a progressive reduction in the jaw size as compared with tooth size.
  • Another author believed there are true signs of hereditary and environmentally induced tooth size/jaw-size discrepancy “Signs of a
    True Hereditary Tooth-Size/Jaw-Size Discrepancy” and “Environmental Factors Causing Crowding.”
  • Given the size of these lists, the etiology of crowding must be considered multifactorial.
30
Q

Why should we treat Crowding?
* Prevents?
* Promotes?
* Increase the chances of?
* Prevents?
* Make your smile?

A
  • Prevent proper cleaning of all the surfaces of your teeth.
  • Promote dental decay.
  • Increase the chances of gum disease.
  • Prevent proper functioning of teeth.
  • Make your smile less attractive
31
Q

classes of crowding

A

Mild crowding less than 4.5 mm
Moderate 5mm to 9mm
Severe 10mm or more

32
Q

Mild crowding less than 4.5 mm can be resolved through;

A
  • Preservation of the leeway space,
  • Regaining space
  • Limited expansion in the late mixed dentition.
33
Q

Moderate crowding 5 to 9 mm can be approached with:

A
  • Expansion
  • Some of these cases may require extraction of permanent teeth
34
Q

Severe crowding >10mm will need:

A
  • Extraction
  • Serial extraction or guidance of eruption is reserved for treatment of severe tooth-size/arch-size discrepancies
35
Q

serial extractions

A

extraction of primary toth and successor (generally 1st PM)

36
Q

Eruption guidance

A

extraction of primary tooth but successor remains

37
Q

Bolton Analysis
* It determines the ratio of?
* It shows whether there is any?
* It is recommended for? when?
* Bolton analysis determines:

A
  • It determines the ratio of the MD widths of the Max teeth to Man teeth.
  • It shows whether there is any tooth size discrepancy between the upper and lower teeth.
  • It is recommended for permanent dentition, after eruption of all permanent teeth from 1 st molar to 1 st molar.
  • Bolton analysis determines:
  • Overall ratio.
  • Anterior ratio.
38
Q

bolton analysis overall ration calculation

A

sum of man MD width from 1st molar to 1st molar divided by the same sum of maxillary

39
Q

interpreting overall bolton analysis

A
  • If the overall ratio is** less than 91.3%**, it indicates maxillary tooth materials excess. (vice versa)
  • The maxillary teeth are relatively too large compared to the mandibular
    teeth. (vice versa)

more than 91.3=man excess

40
Q

anterior bolton analysis

A
41
Q

interpreting ant bolotn analysis

A
  • If the overall ratio is less than 77.2%, it indicates maxillary tooth materials excess. (vice versa)
  • The maxillary teeth are relatively too large compared to the
    mandibular teeth. (vice versa)

more than 77.2= man excess

42
Q

what is done after calculating the bolton ratios

A
  • After calculation of the Bolton ratio (Overall and Anterior), the arch with the relatively smaller tooth material is determined and the actual figure/value corresponding to the arch tooth size is located in the table.
  • The ideal value for the size of the opposing teeth is read off from the
    accompanying column.
  • The difference between the actual value and the ideal value (according
    to the table) for the relatively enlarged tooth material represents in mm the amount of excess tooth size in the arch.

ortho 2 (11 decks)

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