SPEB

Question 1

what is a social movement?

Answer 1

A social movement is a persistent and organized effort involving the mobilization of large numbers of people to work together to either bring about what they believe to be beneficial social change or resist or reverse what they believe to be harmful social change.
- Social Change
- Collective Action
- Organization
- Temporal Continuity
- Non-institutional/institutional action

Question 2

Stages of social movements

Answer 2

1. Incipiency: large number of people become distressed by situation
2. Coalescence: movement becomes more organized and develops resource-gathering capabilities
3. Institutionalization: government takes official notice and copes w movement
4. Fragmentation: Breaks apart; disagreement on whether goals were met
5. Demise: end of movement (met goal or lost support)
6. Revival (potential reemergence in same or modified form)

Question 3

What are B corporations?

Answer 3

B Corporations = Benefit Corporations
- Companies that are certified to meet rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, accountability, and transparency.
- B Lab is the non-profit organization that evaluates them.

Question 4

What is performativity?

Answer 4

Performativity is the power of language to effect change in the world. Language does not merely describe the world but may also function as a form of social action.
- “I do”
- “Strong buy”

Question 5

What is hidden curriculum?

Answer 5

“Hidden curriculum” is what isn’t taught at business schools that impacts the student’s way of thinking. Example: non-capitalist business.

Question 6

What is financialization?

Answer 6

Financialization is the process whereby financial markets, institutions and elites gain greater influence over economic policy and economic outcomes.
- Central elements are tax havens, privatization, and deregulation.
- Information is the most valuable product.
- Freely moving capital
- Hot money is not intended to buy or sell goods or services

Question 7

What are the components social change triangle?

Answer 7

1. Techno-economic perspective (what can be done?)
2. Cultural (What is good or accepted?)
3. Sociopolitical (What do social norms and regulations say about it?)

Question 8

What are the sociological institutions of society?

Answer 8

Sociological institutions are structures of society that are organized to meet the needs of people, chiefly through well-established procedures.
- Family
- Education
- Government
- Religion
- Economy

Question 9

What is gig economy

Answer 9

Gig economy refers to firms using digital platforms as their organizational structure

Question 10

What’s precarious work?

Answer 10

Precarious work refers to unstable, uncertain and insecure work in which employees bear the risks of the work.

Question 11

What is informationalism?

Answer 11

Informationalism: the generation of wealth, exercising power and creation of cultural codes have come to depend on the tech capacity of societies and people

Culture, wealth and power depend on the technological capacity of societies and people.

Question 12

What is an expulsion

Answer 12

when someone is outcast from society

Question 13

What is “the sociological perspective”

Answer 13

Sociological perspective is observing groups to study

Question 14

What is intersectionality?

Answer 14

Intersectionality is the concept that all oppression is overlapping each other
- Things that marginalize people build off of each other

Question 15

Who are transnational feminists?

Answer 15

Transnational feminism:

Thinks that gender inequality is a global problem that needs to be solved together

Recognizes that different cultures have different ideas about gender roles

Believes that feminists need to work together across borders to make change happen

Question 16

Who are colonial feminists?

Answer 16

Post-colonial feminism:

Focuses on how gender and race are connected

Says that Western feminism doesn’t always understand the experiences of women from other cultures

Wants to create a more diverse and inclusive feminist movemen

Question 17

what’s deterritorialisation?

Answer 17

change in geography in which places, distances and borders lose their value and influence

Question 18

what’s westernisation?

Answer 18

Some (especially critics of cultural imperialism) have defined globalization as a progressive process of cultural transformation of the planet towards Western-based cultural patterns.

Question 19

what’s universalisation?

Answer 19

Spreading of products, objects, and experiences to all the corners of the Earth.

Question 20

what’s liberalisation?

Answer 20

the process of removal of restrictions imposed by governments on movements between countries to create an open and integrated world economy

Question 21

what’s internationalisation?

Answer 21

Intensification of cross-border interactions and interdependence between countries.

Question 22

what’s globalisation?

Answer 22

Globalization refers to the interconnectedness and interdependence of economic, social, and political systems across the world.

Question 23

What’s hot money?

Answer 23

Hot money is the money we can move around super-fast between countries. I can invest in the US Markets from Spain if I want and then move it to London tomorrow.

Question 24

What’s the race to the bottom?

Answer 24

Race to the bottom is the race between governments to lower taxes to make their country more attractive for companies to move their HQ to.
- Google pays less taxes than Repsol because it is harder to prove their presence in each country.

Question 25

What is the difference between a theory and an ideology

Answer 25

• Ideology = the collection of beliefs that an individual has about the world. It includes market globalism and anti-globalism.
• Theory = explanation of how something exists as it does in the world.

Question 26

What is Neo-liberalism?

Answer 26

Market-oriented reform policies. Give the market all the power and keep the government uninvolved. No price controls, no regulations, and no trade barriers.

It has caused outsourcing to southern countries which means lower class northern are getting worse jobs and lose out on opportunities they would have had should regulations have been put in place

Question 27

What is ethics of care feminism?

Answer 27

Ethics of care feminism:

Thinks that caring and empathy are important for gender equality

Says that traditional feminism is too focused on independence

Wants to create a more caring and nurturing approach to feminism that values relationships and emotions.

Question 28

What is culture?

Answer 28

Culture is the set of ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that are shared by a society. In other words, the glasses we see the world through.

Question 29

What is identity?

Answer 29

How one recognises themself

Question 30

What orients behavior?

Answer 30

Values cause behavior.

They motivate us and give us identity.

Question 31

What are drivers of precariousness?

Answer 31

Digitalisation and globalisation

Question 32

What is Beck’s risk society?

Answer 32

Risks make up our everyday life and they’re becoming man-made instead of nature made.

Ex: pollution, nuclear warfare, global warming.

Result is new ethics: principles of responsibility and precaution

Question 33

Tell me about the Bretton Woods Consensus

Answer 33

Bretton Woods Consensus (1944-1970): GATT (general agreement on tariffs and trade) promoted international trade but was weak and unenforceable.

o Essentially moderate globalization while still respecting differences between governments and societies.
o Domestic policies > international treaties
o Created the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as well as the GATT (general agreement on tariffs and trade)
o UN (United Nations) born in 1945

Question 34

Tell me about the Washington Consensus

Answer 34

Washington Consensus of 1990: it encouraged global trade and investment and thus ignited hyper globalization.

o Go international: deregulation, low corporate tax, pro-neo-liberalism, remove power from trade unions.
o IMF (international monetary fund) promoted Washington Consensus policies and provided financial support.
o World Bank provided loans and technical assistance to developing countries.
o WTO (World Trade organization) promoted free trade and resolved disputes between countries in terms of trade.

Question 35

What are some globalisation ideologies

Answer 35

Justice globalism: “the world needs a more equitable global agenda” (use team power to better the world)

Anti-globalisation: “we must control trade, preserve our country identity, and impede migration”

Authoritarian globalism: “we must recover state control”

Market globalism: “it’s inevitable”

Question 36

What are the elements of Rodrick’s trilemma?

Answer 36

Golden straitjacket (Hyper-globalization/Nationstate) = Argentina

Bretton woods compromise (nation state & democratic politics) = USA (this is just limiting globalization)

Global governance (hyperglobalisation & democratic politics) = European Union

Question 37

Does Rodrick think golden straitjacket is a feasible solution?

Answer 37

No. Hyper globalisation doesn’t go with democracy.

Question 38

give me 3 problems with Rodrick’s view on hyper globalization trilemma

Answer 38

Rodrik’s view on the hyper-globalization trilemma suggests that it is not possible to achieve democracy, national sovereignty, and hyper-globalization simultaneously. Here are three problems with his view:

Overemphasizes the importance of national sovereignty: Rodrik’s view prioritizes national sovereignty over other values, such as economic growth or human rights. This can lead to a narrow and outdated understanding of what sovereignty means in a globalized world.

Ignores the benefits of globalization: While hyper-globalization can lead to negative outcomes, such as inequality or loss of jobs, it also has the potential to bring significant benefits to many people, such as increased trade, investment, and technological innovation. By focusing solely on the costs of globalization, Rodrik’s view ignores its potential benefits.

Assumes that there is only one path to globalization: Rodrik’s view assumes that hyper-globalization is the only path to global integration, and that any other approach would require sacrificing national sovereignty. However, there are other ways to achieve international cooperation and economic integration, such as regional trade agreements or international regulations, that do not require giving up national sovereignty to the same extent as hyper-globalization.

Question 39

What solution to the Rodrick trilemma does he support and what are the benefits?

Answer 39

There are several potential benefits to Rodrik’s solution of prioritizing democracy and national sovereignty while limiting economic globalization:

1. More inclusive economic growth: By allowing countries to pursue their own economic policies, there is greater potential for more inclusive economic growth that benefits a wider range of people and reduces inequality.
2. Greater political legitimacy: When governments are able to pursue policies that align with their citizens’ values and priorities, this can lead to greater political legitimacy and public support.
3. Better protection of social and environmental standards: When countries have greater control over their own economic policies, they are better able to protect social and environmental standards that are important to their citizens.
4. Improved international cooperation: By promoting a more balanced and flexible approach to economic integration, there is potential for greater international cooperation and coordination, which can lead to better outcomes for all countries.
5. Reduced risk of economic crises: By allowing countries to have more control over their own economic policies, they may be better equipped to avoid or mitigate the effects of economic crises, such as recessions or financial crises, that can have widespread negative effects on people’s lives.