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Kin 5100 Final Exam > Special Populations > Flashcards

Special Populations Flashcards

1
Q

Exercise guidelines for CAD mode

A

Low-intensity endurance exercise gradually progressed to moderate-intensity
Avoid isometric exercises
1 set of 12-15 reps of 8-10 exercises
Begin at 40-50% HRR
RPE of 9-11
30 minutes or more of continuous or interval training
3-5 days per week of aerobic training and 2 days of resistance training

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2
Q

Exercise guidelines for hypertension

A

Endurance exercise should be primary mode
Isometric should be avoided
Low resistance and high reps
RPE 9-13
40-65% HRR
Gradual warm-ups and cool-downs
40-60 min sessions
4-7 days per week

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3
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

A narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood and oxygen
Caused by inflammatory response within arterial walls resulting from an initial injury and the deposition of plaque and cholesterol

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4
Q

Potential benefits of exercise for Type 1 diabetes

A

Improved functional capacity, reduced risk for CAD, and improved insulin-receptor sensitivity

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5
Q

Potential benefits of exercise for Type 2 diabetes

A

Prevention of CAD, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and others diabetes-related complications
Combination of weight loss and exercise can positively affect lipid levels, thereby lowering a type 2 diabetic’s risk for heart disease

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6
Q

Exercise guidelines for diabetes

A

General aerobic endurance
2x a week resistance training
8-12 reps for 8-10 exercises
Monitor blood glucose
Moderate intensity
Type 1: gradually work up to 30 min or more per session
Type 2: 40-60 min
5-6 days per week
May need to start with several shorter daily sessions

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7
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

A cluster of conditions that puts a person at an increased risk for developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke
Must have 3 of the following: Elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose

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8
Q

Exercise guidelines for metabolic syndrome

A

non-weight bearing activities for obese clients
2x a week resistance training
8-12 reps for 8-10 exercises
Begin at low intensity and gradually progress
200-300 minutes
3-5 days, preferably daily

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9
Q

Asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by: shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness

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10
Q

Exercise guidelines for asthma

A

Typically can follow general population exercise guidelines
Should be cleared by his or her physician

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11
Q

Precautions/recommendations for asthma and exercise

A

Have rescue medication at all times
Drink plenty of fluids
Avoid asthma triggers
Gradual and prolonged warm-ups and cool-downs
Peak exercise intensity should be determined by client’s conditioning state and asthma severity
Best to exercise in mid-to-late morning

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12
Q

Consistent exercise benefits clients with arthritis by

A

Improving daily function and enhancing quality of life

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13
Q

Cancer

A

Group of diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control

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14
Q

Precautions for exercise and cancer

A

Anemic clients should not exercise without physician clearance
Neutropenia clients should consider avoiding public gyms
Frequent vomiting/diarrhea - check with physicians before resuming exercise
Thrombocytopenia - avoid activities that increase risk of falling and physical contact
Catheter - avoid aquatic exercise
Should not exercise within 2 hours of chemotherapy or radiation

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15
Q

Exercise guidelines for cancer

A

Clients in remission and good conditioning may be able to increase intensity
Focus on duration and consistency rather than intensity

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16
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Characterized by low bone mass and disrupted microarchitecture

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17
Q

Exercise guidelines for osteoporosis

A

Exclude any jarring, high-impact activities
Balance and coordination should be included
High intensities
Can be short (5-10 minutes)
Multiple bouts of bone-loading exercises

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18
Q

Arthritis precautions

A

Avoid jarring exercises
All joints should be moved through full ROM at least once a day
Emphasize proper body alignment and exercise technique
Clients may be more limited by joint pain

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19
Q

Consistent exercise benefits clients with arthritis by

A

Improving daily function and enhancing quality of life

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20
Q

Exercise guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome

A

Activities of daily living and walking
Low-intensity
“Regular” pattern of activity
Begin with multiple 2-5 minute exercise periods
Gradually build up to 30 minutes
3-5 days per week

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21
Q

Clients with low back pain should avoid

A

Unsupported forward flexion
Twisting at the waist
Lifting both legs simultaneously
Rapid movements

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22
Q

Exercise recommendations for low back pain

A

Should consult with a physician
Maintain neutral pelvic alignment and an erect torso

23
Q

Exercise guidelines for low back pain

A

Core strengthening exercises
Light to moderate intensity
Progress to moderate to vigorous intensity
3-5 days per week
Specific back health exercises daily

24
Q

Exercise considerations for pregnancy

A

Not the time to set records
Abdominal separation
Pelvic floor health
Supine position exercises
Excess hormones
Lifting large amount of weight overhead/over belly

25
Q

Abdominal separation

A

Diastasis recti
Intra-abdominal pressure
Coning or bulging

26
Q

Pelvic floor health

A

Increased pressure on pelvic floor
Urinary incontinence

27
Q

Prolonged supine position

A

Compress inferior vena cava
Restricts blood flow (can cause dizziness and tingling)

28
Q

Excess hormones

A

Relaxin
Joint laxity (increased injury risk)
Ligament pain
Pelvic girdle pain

29
Q

DOs with pregnancy

A

Eat a small snack prior to exercise
Stay hydrated
Wear supportive clothing
Modify exercises as needed

30
Q

DON’Ts with pregnancy

A

Exercise until absolute exhaustion
Participate in excessive jumping or bouncing movements
Participate in contact sports in the 2nd and 3rd trimester

31
Q

Complications/concerns for pregnancy

A

Preeclampsia
Gestational diabetes
Medications
Multiple babies
Bleeding/premature labor

32
Q

Exercise recommendations for pregnancy

A

Do not begin a vigorous exercise program shortly before or during pregnancy
Previously active may continue as tolerated
Not previously active may need to begin slowly
Gradually reduce volume
Use RPE scale
Avoid prolonged exercise in the supine position
Focus on proper fluid intake

33
Q

Importance of exercise for older adults

A

Essential to maintain independence and quality of life

34
Q

Physiological aspects of aging
Cardiovascular

A

Decreases in max HR, SV, max cardiac output, max oxygen uptake
Increased blood pressure (resting and exercise)

35
Q

Physiological aspects of aging
Environmental

A

Decreased cold tolerance (heat production/blood redistribution) and heat tolerance (sweat capacity/blood redistribution)

36
Q

Physiological aspects of aging
Musculoskeletal

A

Decreased lean body mass, muscle strength, bone mineral density, flexibility
Increased fat mass

37
Q

Physiological aspects of aging
Metabolic

A

Decreased glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, basal metabolic rate

38
Q

Physiological aspects of aging

A

Decreased balance
Slower reaction time

39
Q

Exercise guidelines for older adults

A

Endurance should be primary mode
Low resistance and high reps, include balance exercises
Low to moderate intensity
Longer warm-ups and cool-downs
Gradually increase duration to 30-60 minutes
At least 5 days per week

40
Q

Exercise prescription for older adults

A

TRAIN POWER

41
Q

Considerations for exercise programming for children 6-9 years old

A

Motor skill development - agility, balance, speed, flexibility, bodyweight resistance training and general sports skills

42
Q

Considerations for exercise programming for children 9-12 years old

A

Continue skill development - resistance training with low weight, high reps, and emphasis on form and technique

43
Q

Considerations for exercise programming for children 12-16

A

build aerobic and strength base; train sports specific skills

44
Q

Considerations for exercise programming for 16-18 years old

A

Optimize fitness, specific skills and performance; develop maximal strength and power

45
Q

Considerations for exercise programming 18+ years old

A

Maximize fitness and sports performance

46
Q

Exercise programming considerations for children

A

-Assess readiness and program accordingly
-Avoid early specialization
-Beware of: increased risk of injury, increased dropout and burnout rates, increased psychological stress

47
Q

Reasons for injuries in children

A

Poor overall strength levels
Incorrect landing mechanics
Inefficient acceleration and running techniques
Improper deceleration mechanics
Inefficient flexibility/mobility
Quadriceps and limb dominance

48
Q

Reasons for increased dropout rates for children

A

Loss of enjoyment of sports
Shortened periods of peak performance
Before age 13-15 there is no understanding of what commitment is necessary to strive for elite athlete status

49
Q

Psychological stress in children

A

Top three reasons: adults, coaches, and parents
Social deficits
Early specialization requires long, strict, and organized practices that are not fun
Causes loss of love for sport and feelings of pressure

50
Q

Continuum of training for children

A
  1. FUNdamental
  2. Learning to train + weightlifting skills
  3. Training to train
    4.Training to compete
  4. Training to win
51
Q

Reasons young athletes give for participation

A

Having fun
Being with friends
Improving skills

52
Q

Strategies for understanding the young athlete

A

-Structure environment to increase motivation
-Downplay social comparisons and focus on individual performance goals
-Provide time for peer relationships (emphasize teamwork)
-Adopt effective coaching strategies
-Educate the athlete’s parents

53
Q

Exercise guidelines for chronic fatigue syndrome

A

Activities of daily living and walking
Low-intensity
“Regular” pattern of activity
Begin with multiple 2-5 minute exercise periods
3-5 days/week

Kin 5100 Final Exam (6 decks)

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