Specialised Cells B1

Question 1

Sperm cell function and adaptations

Answer 1

Fertilise an ovum (egg cell)
Tail to swim
Lost of mitochondria to release energy from
respiration to enable it to swim to the ovum

Question 2

Palisade cell function and adaptations

Answer 2

enable photosynthesis in the leaf
.lots of chloroplasts containing chlorophyll to absorb
light energy
.located at the top surface of the leaf where it can
absorb the most light energy

Question 3

Root hair cell function and adaptations

Answer 3

Absorb mineral ions and water from the soil
1. lots of mitochondria to release energy for the active
transport of mineral ions from the soil
2. having a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption.

Question 4

Nerve cell function and adaptations

Answer 4

carry electrical impulses around thebody
1. dendrites, to make
connections with other neurones or effectors

Question 5

Muscle cell function and adaptations

Answer 5

Contract and relax to allow movement
1. contains protein fibres, which can contract to make
the cells shorter
2. Contains lots of mitochondria which release energy from respiration to allow muscles to contract

Question 6

Red blood cell function and adaptations

Answer 6

Transport oxygen around the body
1. No nucleus to carry more blood
2. contains a red pigment called haemoglobin that binds
to oxygen molecules
3. Flat biconcave disc shape to increase surface area-
to- volume ratio

Question 7

Role of the xylem

Answer 7

transports water and mineral salts from the roots up to other parts of the plant through a process called transpiration.

Question 8

What is transpiration

Answer 8

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves in the form of water vapour

Question 9

What is translocation

Answer 9

translocation is the transportation of (sugars)in a plant.

Question 10

What is the role of the phloem

Answer 10

Phloem transports sucrose and amino acids from the leaves and other parts of the plant, through a process called translocation