specification point 1

Question 1

what is a monosaccharide ?

Answer 1

A single sugar monomer- triose, pentose, hexose

Question 2

disaccharide

Answer 2

Two monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond, formed in a condensation reaction.

Question 3

polysaccharide

Answer 3

Polymer made up of long chains of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 4

hexose glucose (alpha and beta) structure

Answer 4

6 Hydrogens overall; H ^ OH ‘- alpha H’ OH^ - beta

Question 5

condensation reaction

Answer 5

removal of H2O (2 monosaccharides joined together to make a disaccharide.

Question 6

hyrdolysis reaction

Answer 6

addition of H2O

Question 7

Starch structure and function

Answer 7

Amylose- spiral of 1,4 glycosidic bonds, slow releasing

Amylopectin, branches of 1,6 glycosidic bonds, rapid releasing.

Question 8

glycogen structure and function

Answer 8

alpha glucose units, 1,6 glycosidic bonds therefore making it have more chains. rapid releasing. ideal for active tissues.

Question 9

cellulose structure and function

Answer 9

long chains of B.glucose joined by glycosidic bonds (1,4) .

Question 10

triglyceride synthesis

Answer 10

condensation reaction between glycerol and three fatty acids forms triglyceride with ester bonds.

Question 11

difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids

Answer 11

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain.

Question 12

structure of lipids

Answer 12

hydrophillic head
hydrophobic tail.
fatty deposits- energy storage.
hydrophobic tails- insulation.

Question 13

structure and function of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 13

The lipid bilayer is arranged in two layers of phospholipids with the hydrophilic heads forming the outer edges and the tails forming the interior. In this arrangement, the bilayer has a hydrophobic core that prevents the passage of polar molecules while allowing the relatively free diffusion of non-polar molecules.

Question 14

structure of amino acids

Answer 14

An amino acid is an organic molecule that is made up of a basic amino group (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid.

Question 15

formation of polypeptides

Answer 15

The linking of two amino acids is accompanied by the loss of a molecule of water

Question 16

purines

Answer 16

Adenine, Guanine

Question 17

pyrimidines

Answer 17

Thymine, Cytosine

Question 18

Semi-conservative DNA

Answer 18

Semi-conservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.

Question 19

DNA helicase role

Answer 19

unzips DNA

Question 20

DNA polymerase role

Answer 20

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

Question 21

ligase

Answer 21

sticks ocosaki fragments together