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Dental Neuroscience > spinal cord syndromes > Flashcards

spinal cord syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

common causes of spinal cord lesions

A
  • trauma (most common)
  • degenerative diseases
  • inflammatory diseases
  • tumors
  • infections
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2
Q

examples of trauma that causes spinal cord lesions

A

accidents
falls
sports
injuries

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3
Q

examples of degenerative diseases that causes spinal cord lesions

A

spinal stenosis
herniated disc

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4
Q

examples of inflammatory diseases that causes spinal cord lesions

A

multiple sclerosis

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5
Q

clinical manifestations of spinal cord lesions

A
  • motor deficits
  • sensory deficits
  • autonomic dysfunction
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6
Q

examples of motor deficits (what they cause)

A
  • paraplegia (2 limb paralysis)
  • quadriplegia (4 limb paralysis)
  • muscle weakness and atrophy
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7
Q

examples of sensory deficits

A
  • loss of sensation below the lesion
  • abnormal sensations (paraesthesia, neuropathic pain)
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8
Q

examples of autonomic dysfunction

A
  • bladder and bowel control issues
  • blood pressure regulation problems
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9
Q

selected spinal cord syndromes (not the most common but most illustrated - easier to see and understand)

A
  • syringomyelia
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • subacute combined degeneration
  • brown-sequard syndrome
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10
Q

signs and symptoms of syringomyelia?

A

loss of pain and temperature sensation
- bilateral in the arms
- cape-like distribution over shoulders and arms (usually)

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11
Q

what is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its symptoms?

A
  • degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem (cranial nerves)
  • progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles (muscle atrophy)
  • death usually within 5 years of onset
  • sensation and other functions are normal
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12
Q

lou gherig

A

“luckiest man on the face of the earth”
- the baseball player who was known as one of the earliest cases of ALS

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13
Q

what is subacute combined degeneration

A

degeneration of dorsal columns and lateral columns in spinal cord due to demyelination

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14
Q

what signs and symptoms are noted in patients with combined systems disease?

A
  • loss of vibration sense, joint position sense
  • vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
  • paresthesias (pins and needles)
  • weakness of limbs
  • mental signs (loss of acuity, cortical function)
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15
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome signs and symptoms?

A
  • ipsilateral paralysis
  • ipsilateral loss of fine touch and joint position sense
  • contralateral loss of pain and temperature
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16
Q

dermatome

A
  • area of skin innervated by one spinal nerve
  • each one can be traced to a specific nerve root
  • dorsal root = sensory
  • if you cut one, there will be a section that follows the root that loses sensation
17
Q

how many pairs of dermatomes from the skull to the toes?

A

30 pairs

18
Q

shingles

A
  • are an example of dermatome
  • caused by herpes zoster and produces chicken pox
  • inhabits CNS
19
Q

what is syringomyelia?

A
  • an opening of the spinal cord
20
Q

cause of syringomyelia

A

an infection that expands and grow

21
Q

where does the lesion occur for syringomyelia?

A
  • in the cervicospinal cord (center of grey matter)
  • makes spinal canal very visible
22
Q

when looking at the stain, what signifies ALS?

A
  • the demyelination of white matter in dorsal and ventral parts
  • impacts dorsal columns and anteriocorticospinal tract
23
Q

what does subacute combined degeneration affect?

A
  • causes B12 deficiency
  • pernicious anemia (autoimmune disease for B12 deficiency)
  • affect corticospinal tract, fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus
24
Q

is subacute combined degeneration treatable?

A

YES

25
Q

what is Brown- Sequard syndrome

A

half spinal cord severance
= hemisected spinal cord

26
Q

symptoms of shingles?

A
  • blisters
  • rash
  • pain
27
Q

what happens with shingles?

A
  • herpes zoster produces chicken pox
  • virus goes to DRG and lies dormant
  • reactivated in older age causing shingles

Dental Neuroscience (24 decks)

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