Spine & Thorax

Question 1

Origin and Insertion of splenius capitiis

Answer 1

Origin: inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7 to T4
Insertion: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Question 2

Actions of splenius capitis

Answer 2

Unilaterally: rotate the head and neck to same side; laterally flex the head and neck to opposite side
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck

Question 3

Origin and insertion of splenius cervicis

Answer 3

Origin: spinous process of T3 to T6
Insertion: TVP of C1 to C3

Question 4

Actions of splenius cervicis

Answer 4

Unilaterally: rotate the head and neck to the same side; laterally flex the head and neck to same side
Bilaterally: extend the head and neck

Question 5

Origin and Insertion of quadratus lumborum

Answer 5

Origin: posterior iliac crest
Insertion: last rib and TVP of 1st through 4th lumbar vertebrae

Question 6

Actions of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 6

Unilaterally: laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis and laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: fix the last rib during inhalation

Question 7

Origin and Insertion of rectus abdominus

Answer 7

Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Insertion: xiphoid process and cartilage of 5th, 6th and 7th ribs

Question 8

Actions of the rectus abdominus

Answer 8

flex the vertebral column and tilt pelvis posteriorly

Question 9

Origin and Insertion of external oblique

Answer 9

Origin: external surface of 5th to 12th ribs
Insertion: anterior part of iliac crest; rectus sheath to linea alba

Question 10

Action of external oblique

Answer 10

Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to same side; laterally flex the vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the vertebral column; compress abdominal contents

Question 11

Origin and Insertion of internal oblique

Answer 11

Origin: Lateral inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: internal surface of lower 3 ribs, rectus sheath to linea alba

Question 12

Action of internal oblique

Answer 12

Unilaterally: rotate the vertebral column to same side, rotate vertebral column to same side
Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

Question 13

Origin and Insertion of transverse abdominis

Answer 13

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, internal surface of lower 6 ribs
Insertion: rectus sheath to linea alba

Question 14

Action of transverse abdominus

Answer 14

compress abdominal contents

Question 15

Origin and Insertion of diaphragm

Answer 15

Origin: inner surface of lower 6 ribs; upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae; inner part of xiphoid process
Insertion: central tendon

Question 16

Actions of diaphragm

Answer 16

draw down central tendon of the diaphragm; increase volume of the thoratic cavity during inhalation

Question 17

Origin and Insertion of serratus posterior superior

Answer 17

Origin: spinous process C7 to T3
Insertion: posterior surface of 2nd through 5th ribs

Question 18

Action of serratus posterior superior

Answer 18

elevate the ribs during inhalation

Question 19

Origin and Insertion of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 19

Origin: spinous process of T12 to L3
Insertion: posterior surface of 9th through 12th ribs

Question 20

Action of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 20

depress the ribs during exhalation