SPORTS MED Flashcards
DIRECT/INDIRECT
Results from an external force and is at the site of contact.
- Generally results in fractures, dislocations, sprains and bruises
E.g. a person punching someone in the jaw and breaking their jaw
Results from an internal/intrinsic force and is away from the site of contact (if any).
E.g. a person punching someone in the jaw and breaking their jaw
SOFT TISSUE/HARD TISSUE
hard = Injuries that occur to bone or teeth
soft = Injuries to any part of the body other than bone or teeth – muscle, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skin, blood vessels, organs and nerves.
overuse
Injury results from repeated stress without enough rest for the body to heal.
- They are provoked by repetitive, low-impact exercise such as jogging or stepping
Overuse often contributes to stress fractures – small incomplete bone fractures caused by repeated pounding, usually on hard surfaces.
Tears, sprains and contusions
TEARS
SPRAINS – arise from the stretching or tearing of a ligament. E.g. rolled ankle or ACL rupture in knee
STRAINS – occur when a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn. E.g. pulled hamstring
CONTUSIONS
Contusions (bruise) – When capillaries are ruptured causing internal bleeding.
- normally caused by external force upon the soft tissue that results in the capillaries bursting (crushing of soft tissue).
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
1 - inflammatory stage (1-4 days)
2 - repair and regenerative stage (3-6 weeks)
3 - remodelling stage (6 weeks- months)
FRACTURES
also known as breaks. it is a broken bone.
- Simple fracture (closed) – The bone breaks but remains underneath the skin.
- Compound fracture (open) – The bone breaks and protrudes through the skin.
management of fractures
Management requires the first aider to:
* DRSABCD
* control bleeding
* cover wounds
* check for other injuries
* casualty remains still
* immobilise fracture
* handle gently
* seek medical attention
DISLOCATIONS
Dislocation is the displacement of a bone at a joint. Dislocations cause pain and are apparent because of the deformity they cause.
* Never attempt to relocate the displaced bone as this might increase the damage.
* Immobilise
* Terminate participations in game or activity
* Seek medical attention.
Management of a dislocation requires:
o DRSABCD
o do not move the joint
o check for circulation past the joint
o support the area
o apply ice packs
EVAPORATION
Heat loss through sweating. Evaporation of sweat allows body to cool.
- Relied most heavily on to regulate body temperature through sweat.
CONDUCTION
The transfer of heat between two things
CONVECTION
The movement of air. The transfer of heat away from the skin by a moving fluid such as an air current.
- Convection naturally occurs as the athlete moves, by running, riding etc, through the air, or when a breeze is blowing
RADIATION
The loss of heat in the form of infra-red rays.
conduction strategies
Strategies to support Conduction:
- Conduction can be a great way to lose heat. Exposing the skin and lying down on a cool surface such as a rock, or metal will allow heat to be lost into the cooler object.
- Players will frequently wear ice-vests in order to keep their bodies cool. Ice-vests work as heat is conducted from the body into the ice, warming the ice and removing heat from the body.
convection strategies
Strategies to support convection:
- Loose clothing to allow for greater convection of air flow through the body
- Pouring water over skin
- Fans which circulate air flow
- Wearing a wind breaker to prevent conduction and air flow from contacting the skin, preserving heat
radiation strategies
Strategies to support radiation:
- If the athlete is hot and needs to lose heat, exposing more skin to the environment can help to lose more heath by radiation.
- If the athlete is cold, exposing the athlete to the sun or a warm fire will help to heat the body causing body temperature to rise.
- White clothing can decrease radiative heat as it reflects the suns uv rather than absorbing it
