Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Spring Semester Exam > Flashcards

Spring Semester Exam Flashcards

1
Q

smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

center of an atom

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

positively charged; located in nucleus

A

proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

negatively charged; located outside the nucleus

A

electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neutral; located in nucleus

A

neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

electrons in the outermost energy level
determines an atom’s chemical properties

A

valence electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

small regions of space within an energy level where electrons can be found

A

orbitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

particles of light

A

photon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

A

atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus

A

mass number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

atoms of the same element that have different masses

A

isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

special measurement for the protons, neutrons, etc.

A

unified atomic mass unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

weighted average of masses of all isotopes in an element

A

average atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is 1 mole equal to?

A

6.022 x 10 particles (Avagadro’s number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Avagadro’s number?

A

6.022 x 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

an elements molar mass=

A

average atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atom with net electrical charge

A

Ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

silver gray color
mostly solids good conductors of heat and electricity
ductile
malleable
form positive ions

A

metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

many are gases
solid- brittle
form negative ions

A

nonmetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

properties of metals and nonmetals
conductors under certain conditions

A

metalloids/semiconductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1 valence e-
very soft metals
shiny
highly reactive
forms 1+ ions

A

Alkali metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 valence e-
harder/ stronger than group 1
form 2+ ions

A

Alkaline Earth metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

1 or 2 valence e-
harder/ stronger than groups 1 and 2
less reactive than groups 1 and 2
form 2+ ions

A

Transition Metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

columns on the periodic table

A

Groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Rows on the periodic table

A

Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

7 valence e-
nonmetals
highly reactive
form 1- ions

A

Halogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

8 valence e-
all nonmetals/gases
exist as single atoms (not molecules)
unreactive on normal conditions

A

Noble gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

change in position of an object relative to the reference point

A

motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

object used to determine if you are in motion or not

A

reference point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

change in position of an object relative to the origin

A

displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time

A

speed/ average speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

speed at any given instant

A

instantaneous speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

unchanging speed

A

constant speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

speed of an object in a particular direction

A

velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the rate of change in velocity

A

accleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

acceleration of an object in uniform circular motion

A

centripetal acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

an action on an object that can change the objects state of rest or motion

A

force

38
Q

combination of all forces acting on an object

A

net force

39
Q

equal forces in opposite directions

A

balanced forces

40
Q

unequal forces in opposite directions

A

unbalanced forces

41
Q

a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact

A

friction

42
Q

friction between stationary objects

A

static friction

43
Q

friction between moving objects

A

kinetic friction

44
Q

friction between objects that are sliding past each other

A

sliding friction

45
Q

friction that occurs as one object rolls over another one

A

rolling friction

46
Q

friction occurs in fluids anything

A

fluid friction

47
Q

reduces harmful friction

A

lubricant

48
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion also known as?

A

Law of Inertia

49
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

In the absence of an outside force (unbalanced) an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains unchanged motion

50
Q

Tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

A

Inertia

51
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion called?

A

Law of Acceleration

52
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

A

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on an object and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.

53
Q

Action on an object that can change the object of rest or motion

A

Force

54
Q

What is the SI unit of force

A

Newton

55
Q

inertia in motion

A

momentum

56
Q

Momentum can be transferred or transformed, but total momentum is the system does not change

A

Law of Conservation of Momentum

57
Q

Collision in witch obj. bounce

A

elastic collision

58
Q

Collision in which the objects stick together

A

inelastic collision

59
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

For every action force there is an equal and opp. reaction force

60
Q

All objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force

A

Law of Universal Gravitation

61
Q

Condition of an object in which gravity is the only force acting on the object

A

Free fall

62
Q

appears floating because surroundings accelerate at the same rate

A

apparent weightlessness

63
Q

speed of which an object is no longer accelerating because the downward force of gravity is equal to the upward force of air

A

terminal velocity

64
Q

the curved path of an obj. at or near the earth’s surface

A

projectile motion

65
Q

Transfer of energy by applying a force that causes an object to move.

A

work

66
Q

The rate at which work is done

A

power

67
Q

What is the SI Unit for work?

A

Joule

68
Q

Amt. of power required to do one Joule is one sec.

A

Watt

69
Q

A number that tells how much a machine multiplies the input force

A

Mechanical Advantage

70
Q

What is actual mechanical advantage?

A

mechanical advantage that takes friction into account

71
Q

What is ideal mechanical advantage?

A

mechanical advantage that does not take friction into account

72
Q

a machine that has a rigid arm that rotates around a fulcrum

A

simple lever

73
Q

fixed point around which a lever rotates

A

fulcrum

74
Q

a modified lever with the wheel as the fulcrum and the wheel as the arm

A

pulley

75
Q

modified lever with a pulley as an arm attached to a smaller axle

A

wheel and axle

76
Q

a straight slanted surface used to lift loads/objects

A

simple inclined plane

77
Q

two inclined planes back to back

A

wedge

78
Q

inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

A

screw

79
Q

machine that combine two or more simple machines

A

compound machine

80
Q

ability to do work

A

energy

81
Q

energy due to position

A

potential energy

82
Q

stored energy due to the shape of the object

A

elastic energy

83
Q

energy stored in bonds between atoms

A

chemical energy

84
Q

energy based on distance between 2 masses

A

gravitational energy

85
Q

energy due to motion

A

kinetic energy

86
Q

all of the PE+KE in a system

A

mechanical energy

87
Q

energy at the level of atoms that does not affect the motion on a large scale

A

nonmechanical energy

88
Q

energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transformed or transferred

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

89
Q

positively charged ion

A

cation

90
Q

negatively charged ion

A

anion

91
Q

process in which an ion becomes unstable and radioactive

A

ionization

Science (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions