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Orientation To Theological Studies > ST511 Vocabulary > Flashcards

ST511 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

The rational procedures use for yielding and arranging the results of an investigation. Also the presuppositions and conceptual framework that one brings to a task.

A

Method

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2
Q

The project of making theological claims on the basis of human reason and its reflection on the world. It is done on the basis of general revelation apart from special revelation.

A

Natural Theology

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3
Q

Theology that starts with the specific revelation of God, most often with the Bible and builds theology upon it. Thus it starts inside the Christian faith and moves outward.

A

Theology “from above”

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4
Q

Theology that starts with common human experience, anthropology, and reason and then builds to the particulars of the Christian faith. Thus it starts outside the Christian faith and moves inward

A

Theology “from below”

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5
Q

Believes that there are some things that we can have definite knowledge of – things we can know “objectively.”

A

Positivism

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6
Q

The way of thinking that says the only thing I can be sure about when confronted with objects in the external world is my own sense-data of the objects. It says we cannot know the objects exist; all we can know is that we have sense-data that they exist.

A

Phenomenalism

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7
Q

A way of describing a process of “knowing” that acknowledges the reality of the thing known, as something other than the knower, while fully acknowledging that the only access we have to this reality lies in a dialogue between the knower and the thing known.

A

Critical Realism

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8
Q

Thinking about humanity’s relation to God. It usually includes discussions about imago Dei and the results of the fall.

A

Anthropology, theological

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9
Q

The inquiry into the nature of ultimate reality based on first principles.

A

Metaphysics

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10
Q

The science of knowing. It inquires into the nature of human knowing and understanding.

A

Epistemology

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11
Q

The ongoing dialogue between theory and practice. Thinking and action are always done together.

A

Praxis

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12
Q

A way to think about God that focuses on Scripture. It tries to see what the text means theologically. It also deals with the unity of Scripture.

A

Biblical theology

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13
Q

Studies the past to find sources of Christian doctrine. It studies the contexts and development of Christian ideas.

A

Historical theology

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14
Q

Discerns what may be known of God through reason. This means it uses all sources of human knowledge and tries to integrate them with the Christian story.

A

Philosophical theology

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15
Q

How theology is applied to the life of the church. It includes preaching, education, and pastoral care.

A

Practical theology

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16
Q

Brings together all branches of theology into a coherent unity. It also focuses on coherence and the making theology relevant to each context.

A

Systematic theology

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17
Q

The movement described by the rise of science and technology brought about during Enlightenment in the 18th Century. It causes a massive revolution in thought by placing science and reason as the new authorities over tradition.

A

Modernity

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18
Q

It is characterized by the reliance on nature and its laws, the authority of reason, the rejection of tradition, and a belief in the progress of humanity. These things cause many problems for theological reflection, mainly God’s exclusion as a cause from the world.

A

Enlightenment project appeals

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19
Q

A recent development in human thought that questions the inevitability of human progress, denies the neutrality of reason, questions the existence of absolute truth, focuses on the particular and contextual nature of knowledge, and says all knowledge is based on the perspective of the observer.

A

Postmodernity

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20
Q

A defense of God in light of the problem of evil.

A

Theodicy

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21
Q

A fixed series of writings that were normative for Christian faith and practice.

A

Canon

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22
Q

Formal summaries of the main elements of Christian faith.

A

Creed

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23
Q

A close, usually academically trained, reading of Scripture focused on words and their relation to one another.

A

Exegesis

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24
Q

The science of interpretation that elaborates “principles” that should guide the interpretation of texts.

A

Hermeneutics

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25
Q

A “totalizing account” that claims to capture the basic and singular truth of reality. Postmodern is skeptical of these.

A

Metanarrative

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26
Q

The rule of faith, which is a summary statement of the main teachings of Christian belief. It served as predecessor for the creeds.

A

Regula Fidei

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27
Q

The disclosure of natural knowledge of God via the structures of creation. This is universally accessible knowledge apprehended by human reason or conscience and results in natural theology.

A

Revelation, General

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28
Q

The disclosure of knowledge of God via divine acts and words. Apprehended through faith.

A

Revelation, Special

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29
Q

Matthew, Mark, and Luke. These gospels have a close relation with one another, often telling similar stories. John is seen as quite a different type of gospel

A

Synoptic Gospels

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30
Q

The definitive Latin translation of the Bible written by Jerome, mainly.

A

Vulgate

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31
Q

Creation out of nothing – rules out dualistic ideas of God or preexistent matter.

A

Creation Ex Nihilo

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32
Q

A scattering of an ethnic people from their homeland. It was first applied to the Jews after the Babylonian exile. It refers to the Jews living outside the land of Israel.

A

Diaspora

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33
Q

The “anointed one” – the roots of this term come from the practice of anointing a king of Israel. Refers to Israel’s hope for a future salvation from God in some form.

A

Messiah

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34
Q

“peace” – fullness and wholeness of being. The vital flourishing of all things and all things in right relation.

A

Shalom

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35
Q

The central confession of Israel in the OT. “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is One.”

A

Shema

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36
Q

In the OT it can refer to the grave or also the nondescript place of the dead. A land of darkness and shadowy existence.

A

Sheol

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37
Q

The personal and covenantal name of God. Also called the “tetragrammaton.” It is unspoken by most Jews.

A

Yahweh

38
Q

“reconciliation” – theories of this are conceptual elaborations that draw out the logic and implications of the central biblical metaphors concerning Christ’s saving work.

A

Atonement

39
Q

An understanding of the God-world relation or divine providence that makes God the efficient causal agent of everything that occurs, casting doubt upon the actuality of human free will.

A

Determinism

40
Q

“right opinion or belief” – things that are believed everywhere and always by the Christian church. In Protestantism is can mean fidelity to the biblical text.

A

Orthodoxy

41
Q

The Trinity viewed from the perspective of salvation history, referring to their dynamic work in creation and redemption.

A

Trinity, economic

42
Q

The Trinity viewed from the perspective of eternity: their essential relationships with one another apart from creation.

A

Trinity, immanent

43
Q

“Word” or “reason” in Greek. It served as an intellectual bridge between Christian and Greek thought since the Gospel of John uses the term to refer to Jesus. Also refers to a reasoned account of a subject area.

A

Logos

44
Q

That which “stands beneath.” In classic Trinitarian terms, it refers to the threeness of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in their distinct, discrete personhood.

A

Hypostasis

45
Q

Council of Nicea

A

The council in 325 AD that censured the Arian controversy. Declares Jesus as the Son to be of the same essense as the Father and therefore of equal dignity and status with the Father.

46
Q

In reference to the Trinity a term that connotes the “mutual indwelling,” “interpenetration,” and “fellowship” of the Trinitarian persons.

A

Perichoresis

47
Q

Literally “essence.” One of the key terms to describe the oneness or unity of the three persons of the Trinity. The one, divine essence of the Trinity.

A

Ouisa

48
Q

Regarding God’s relation to the world, the family of views that argues that all things are in God. Associated today with process theology, it is criticized by some saying that it eliminated the God/Creature distinction.

A

Panentheism

49
Q

“All things are God”: a metaphysical worldview that posits one ultimate reality, God. Since God or the divine alone possesses all reality, all creature must be divine in some real and realizable sense.

A

Pantheism

50
Q

The science of being. It inquiries into the nature of what is, whether Being or creaturely being.

A

Ontology

51
Q

The way God administers creation and salvation through the Son and Spirit. Regarding the Trinity, as when it is revealed in creation.

A

Divine economy

52
Q

In Christianity, the idea that God is within creation.

A

Immanence

53
Q

A major heresy of the early church. Sees God as a single monad that manifests itself in three operations, which are not eternal divine identities or discrete persons.

A

Modalism

54
Q

The claim that there is only one true God. In Christianity it has much to do with the creature/creation distinction.

A

Monotheism

55
Q

In Christian theology, the idea that God is beyond creation.

A

Transcendence

56
Q

The rational religion of the Enlightenment period proposed as a unifying alternative to traditional Christian theism. The world is so well created it runs on its own.

A

Deism

57
Q

The systematic study of Christian beliefs. Often has a negative connotation of an authoritative pronouncement.

A

Dogmatics

58
Q

A metaphysical worldview that posits two ultimate realities or first principles, as in the classic gnostic idea of spirit (God) and matter (world). Philosophically it is usually a position that creates binary opposites.

A

Dualism

59
Q

The period of the “fathers” of the church, spanning roughly 100-500 AD in which much Christian theology was formed.

A

Patristic

60
Q

A diverse heretical movement that challenged the early church by claiming salvation comes through a secret knowledge. It radically separates spirit and matter. It sees the body as evil.

A

Gnosticism

61
Q

Council of Chalcedon

A

Fourth ecumenical council held in 451 at Chalcedon. Affirms Christ is one person in two natures, one human and one divine, without division or separation, without confusion or change. It strikes a compromise among various positions.

62
Q

Council of Constantinople

A

Second ecumenical council in 381 where the divinity of the Spirit was affirmed. It plus the Nicene creed form what we call the Nicene creed today, really the Nicene-Constantiniple creed. Spirit is called “lord” and “giver of life.” Also declares Christ as fully human in both body and soul.

63
Q

The Christological position, most famously represented by Paul of Samosata, that Jesus of Nazareth was not a personally preexistent being, but was at some point in his life given a special status in relation to God.

A

Adoptionism

64
Q

The doctrine of Jesus, which typically includes discussions of his personal identity as both divine and human and his work of atonement.

A

Christology

65
Q

The early Christological heresy that affirms Christ’s deity to the depreciation of his humanity. It is rooted in the gnostic supposition that matter is evil and beneath the dignity of the true spiritual God. Thus, Jesus only appears to be God.

A

Docetism

66
Q

Literally, “of the same essence.” The key term at the Council of Nicea that affirmed (against Arius) that Jesus possessed a divine nature, status, and dignity equal to the Father.

A

Homoousios

67
Q

Literally “emptying.” From Philippians 2:7 that refers to the Word’s self-humbling in the incarnation. Some Christologies say this points to the limiting of the divine characteristics limiting of the divine characteristics so the humanity of Jesus can survive.

A

Kenosis

68
Q

A phrase sometimes used in the OT to describe a human being, but which takes on greater significance as a “messianic” concept in the book of Daniel. This is Jesus’ favorite term for himself in the gospels.

A

Son of Man

69
Q

Early heresy that held that Jesus was the preeminent creature begotten in time. It is known for “there was a time when (the Son) was not.”

A

Arianism

70
Q

A central motif in the Eastern Orthodoxy whereby salvation is conceived as participation in the divine nature.

A

Deification / Divinization

71
Q

Literally “and the Son.” The Western addition to the Nicene Creed stating that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father “and the Son.”

A

Filioque

72
Q

The division of Christian doctrine dealing with the Holy Spirit.

A

Pneumatology

73
Q

The doctrine of salvation, typically including discussion of justification, sanctification, and the Christian life.

A

Soteriology

74
Q

The process in the Christian life of becoming holy; the gradual and life-long progression of being conformed to Christ.

A

Sanctification

75
Q

A position concerning the status of those outside the church. It holds that the one God is present to all the peoples of the world, regardless of their particular religion. Each culture has its own way of approaching, conceiving, and naming God. Since there are many paths to God, truth can’t be restricted to just one religion.

A

Pluralism

76
Q

Literally “order of salvation.” This question took on importance in the Reformation and Post-Reformation. It asks how the facets of justification, sanctification, regeneration, and conversion are related.

A

Ordo Salutis

77
Q

Refers to sinful humans becoming righteous. It is generally associated with forgiveness through faith in/of Christ.

A

Justification

78
Q

God’s choosing of a particular person or group (usually for salvation or a special status with God). It is especially tethered to issues of divine foreordination or predestination.

A

Election

79
Q

An early 2nd century sect who viewed Christianity and Judaism as polar opposites. Sets up an antagonistic relationship between the inferior, angry God of the OT who rules over evil matter and the NT God revealed in Christ who reigns with love. It rejected the entire OT.

A

Marcionism

80
Q

Literally the “image of God.” In Christian theology it identifies how humanity was created in God’s image and therefore has unique characteristics. What exactly those are, however, is debated. It is often the start of Christian anthropology.

A

Imago Dei

81
Q

The area of theological study concerned with understanding the church.

A

Ecclesiology

82
Q

From the Greek word oik- oumene, “the entire inhabited earth.” This movement reaffirmed the need for all branches of Christianity to see their common roots and to seek unity where possible.

A

Ecumenical

83
Q

This typically functions as an acknowledgment of the transcendence of God and the finitude of human understanding.

A

Mystery

84
Q

Terms used by many Christian traditions to refer to the sacred practices of the church.

A

Sacraments

85
Q

A term in Roman Catholic theology meaning “essential change,” the belief that by the power of God at the consecration in the Mass, the bread and wine change substance into the actual substance of Jesus’ body and blood, even though they seem to retain their natural characteristics.

A

Transubstantiation

86
Q

Revelation, Certain portions of the Bible (including Daniel 7-12 and the book of Revelation) arc often categorized as this, a genre or type of Jewish literature that became popular during the intertestamental period and extended into the NT era (c. 400 B.C. to A.D. 100).

A

Apocalyptic

87
Q

A system of theology popularized mainly in twentieth-century North America, especially through the influence of the Scofield Reference Bible. Scofield’s version of this suggested that God works with humans in distinct ways through history; that God has a distinct plan for Israel over against the church; that the Bible, especially predictive prophecy, needs to be interpreted literally; that the church will be secretly *raptured from earth seven years prior to Christ’s second coming; and that Christ will rule with Israel during a literal thousand-year earthly reign.

A

Dispensationalism

88
Q

The theological study that seeks to understand the ultimate direction or purpose of history as it moves toward the future, both from an individual perspective (What happens when a person dies?) and from a corporate perspective (Where is history going, and how will it end?).

A

Eschatology

89
Q

A Greek word used to refer to the second coming of Jesus Christ at the end of history. Literally, the term means “presence.”

A

Parousia

90
Q

Oriented toward purpose or ends, an argument for the existence of God based on the seemingly purposeful order of the universe that suggests the world is the work of a “Master Architect” rather than a result of chance.

A

Teleological

Orientation To Theological Studies (1 decks)

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