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A-level History-Russia > stalin economy > Flashcards

stalin economy Flashcards

1
Q

how many wooden ploughs were being used in the late 1920s of NEP

A

5 million

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2
Q

when was the Grain Procurement Crisis

A

1928

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3
Q

when was the Great Turn announced

A

17th party congress in dec 1927

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4
Q

what did the Great Turn mark the start and end of

A

end of NEP
start of 1st 5YP and collectivisation

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5
Q

why did Stalin have the Great Turn

A

-increase military strength
-achieve self-sufficiency
-increase grain supplies
-move towards a more socialist society
-establish his credentials
-improve standard of living

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6
Q

how was the Great Turn similar to War Communism

A

-‘command economy’
-peasants no longer owned land

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7
Q

how many households were put together under collectivisation

A

50-100 households

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8
Q

when was forced mass collectivisation introduced

A

1929

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9
Q

how was mass collectivisation enforced

A

-terror
-kulaks were denounced
-propaganda

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10
Q

by the end of feb 1930 what % of peasants were collectivised

A

50%

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11
Q

what % of animals were slaughtered in retaliation of mass collectivisation

A

25-30%

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12
Q

why did Stalin backtrack with ‘Dizzy with Success’ after mass collectivisation

A

he wanted to get the harvest in

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13
Q

when did Stalin resume collectivisation

A

1931

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14
Q

what % of peasant households were collectivised by 1934

A

70%

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15
Q

what % of peasant households were collectivised in 1936

A

90%

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16
Q

what was a success of collectivisation (use figures)

A

grain procurement increased
1928-9 = 10.8 million but by 1931-2 = 22.8 million tonnes

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17
Q

how many tractors were produced under collectivisation

A

75,000

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18
Q

how many died due to famine caused by Party officials seizing grain

A

7 million people

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19
Q

how many peasants were sent to to gulags due to dekulakisation

A

2-3 million

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20
Q

how many horses, cattle, sheep were slaughtered due to peasant resistance to collectivisation

A

sheep = 60 million
horses = 17 million
cattle = 26 million

21
Q

why did grain levels + production fall during collectivisation

A

-lack of planning
-not enough animals to pull the ploughs
-> meat production didn’t pass pre-collectivisation levels until 1953
->under NEP they produced 410 kilos of grain per hectare and under collectivisation they produced 320 kilos

22
Q

what was the focus of the 1st 5YP

A

heavy industry

23
Q

when was the first 5YP

A

1928-1932

24
Q

what were the successes of the 1st 5YP

A

-electricity x3
-coal + iron production x2
-Magnitogorsk + Kharkov tractor works

25
Q

what were the failures of the first 5YP

A

-unrealistic targets set (coal production set to rise from 35-75 million tonnes)
-little planning on how targets would be achieved
-short material supply

26
Q

when was the second 5YP

A

1933-37

27
Q

what was the focus of the 2nd 5YP

A

consolidation = heavy industry + new projects

28
Q

what were the successes of the 2nd 5YP

A

-Moscow Metro
-Russia nearly self-sufficient in machine making + metal work
-chemical industry grew
-improvements in some consumer goods (shoes + ice cream)

29
Q

what years in the 2nd 5YP were heralded as the ‘three good years’

A

1934-36

30
Q

what were the failures of the 2nd 5YP

A

-consumer goods still lagged behind
-targets weren’t reached

31
Q

when was the 3rd 5YP

A

1938-41

32
Q

what was the focus of the 3rd 5YP

A

rearmament

33
Q

what was coal production in 1927 and what had it risen to by 1940

A

1927 = 35.4 million tonnes
1940 = 165.9 million tonnes

34
Q

by what % did the economy grow per annum during the 5YPs

A

14% per annum

35
Q

what fraction was gov spending on war during the 3rd 5YP

A

1/3

36
Q

how many military aircraft factories were built under the 3rd 5YP

A

9

37
Q

what % of what was produced was wasted in some industries under the 5YPs

A

40%

38
Q

by what fraction did meat, milk and fruit consumption decline by between 1928-35

A

2/3

39
Q

by nov 1941 industrial production was only what % of production in nov 1940

A

51.7%

40
Q

how many armament factories and big tank factories were lost during WWII

A

300 armament factories
9 big tank factories

41
Q

by the end of 1941 how many factories had been relocated using 1.5 million railway wagon loads of cargo

A

1523

42
Q

what % did potato rations fall by after WWII

A

80%

43
Q

what was the focus of the 4th 5YP

A

reconstruction

44
Q

when was the 4th 5YP

A

1946-50

45
Q

what was steel production at by 1950

A

27.3 million tonnes

46
Q

what were the failures of the 4th 5YP

A

-money poured into armaments for the Cold War rather than consumer goods
-failed to adopt new technology (plastics + chemicals)
-labour shortages due to WWII

47
Q

how many prisoners were employed by 1932 for the White Sea Canal project during the 1st 5YP

A

180,000 prisoners

48
Q

why did the White Sea Canal project become a failure

A

to save costs the depth was changed from 22 feet to 12 feet so it was useless for all but small barges

A-level History-Russia (16 decks)

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