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A-level History-Russia > stalin social > Flashcards

stalin social Flashcards

1
Q

what were the negativities associated with S’s workforce

A

-safety wasn’t a priority
-harsh labour discipline (lateness criminalised)
-‘continuous working week’ - 1 day off but different every week so factories were open all week
-couldn’t change jobs easily (internal passport to prevent too much movement)

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2
Q

what were the benefits to S’s workforce

A

-by 1933 most citizens had access to electricity
-workers entitled to food rations (canteens)
-better access to transport (Moscow Metro)
-better healthcare provision (mass smallpox vaccination)

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3
Q

who benefitted less as workers

A

peasants = less food + not allowed as many rations as industrial workers, worse healthcare

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4
Q

why was housing such a problem under S

A

population had trebled between 1929-1940 but gov didn’t want to spend money on housing instead of industrilsation

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5
Q

what was the name of communal apartments which buildings were divided into

A

kommunalka

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6
Q

why were kommunalka bad

A

-poor sewerage + washing facilities (Moscow district with 650,000 ppl and no bathhouse)
-in newer cities (Magnitogorsk) ppl lived in barrack-style dormitories and 20% lived in mud huts

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7
Q

how many komsomol volunteers were used to educate workers + peasants in the campaign against illiteracy

A

3 million

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8
Q

in the 1st 5YP what % of adults attended a literacy course

A

90%

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9
Q

what % of the soviet population were literate by 1939

A

94%

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10
Q

when were curriculum changes introduced under S

A

1932-35

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11
Q

what changes were made to the curriculum

A

-greater emphasis on discipline + hard work
-core subjects prioritised
-examinations homework textbooks and uniforms introduced

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12
Q

in 1939 how many children completed secondary education

A

1.5 million children

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13
Q

how many children completed secondary education under NEP

A

216,000

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14
Q

what % of children were in primary education in 1928

A

60%

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15
Q

what % did the number of children in primary increase to after 1928

A

95%

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16
Q

what % did universities expand to in 1939

A

800%
(1914 = 105 unis
1939 = 817 unis)

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17
Q

when was a new exam system introduced in unis

A

1936-38

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18
Q

what schools were set up for 14-17 for work in industry

A

Labour Reserve Schools

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19
Q

what was the Great Retreat

A

conservative social policy after radical economic policies. reasserted traditional gender roles

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20
Q

when was the Family Code introduced

A

1936

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21
Q

what did the Family Code entail

A

-women at centre of family
-marriage re-emphasised via rings
-abortion criminalised
-contraception banned
-divorces harder to obtain
-men to pay 1/3 of earnings for children left after divorce
-incest, bigamy, adultery + male homosexuality recriminalised

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22
Q

what amount of money would women get a year for 5 years for having 7 children

A

2000 roubles

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23
Q

what did the birth rate rise to in 1941
what was the birth rate 1935

A

1935 = under 25 per 1000
1941 = 31 per 1000

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24
Q

how many women worked in industry in 1928

A

3 million

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25
Q

how many women worked in industry by 1940

A

13 million

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25
Q

by 1940 what % of workers in industry were women

A

41%

26
Q

what % of men’s wages were women paid for doing the same jobs

A

60-65%

27
Q

what did a triple shift include for women

A

agricultural labour, household chores, handicrafts

28
Q

what fraction of housing was destroyed by ww2

A

1/3

29
Q

by 1947 what amount of space did the average worker have in kommunalka

A

4 square metres

30
Q

by 1944 how many students remained at uni

A

227,000

31
Q

by 1945 how many women had served in combat roles

A

800,000

32
Q

what % of Leningrad’s industrial workers were women by the end of 1942

A

80%

33
Q

by what % did infant mortality decline by between 1940-50

A

50%

34
Q

by what fraction did the number of doctors increase by between 1947-52

A

2/3

35
Q

what did rapid industrialisation lead to

A

full employment

36
Q

what was a ‘continuous work week’

A

workers received one day off but it changed from week to week allowing factories to be open all week

37
Q

when did workers lose the right to change jobs, why

A

1940, to prevent a quicksand society

38
Q

when were internal passports introduced

A

1940

39
Q

by when did most citizens have access to electricity

A

1933

40
Q

how much railways were built during the 1930s

A

30,000km

41
Q

the urban population _______ between 1929-40

A

trebled

42
Q

what % of workers lived in mud huts

A

20%

43
Q

what % of teachers were physically attacked during the 1st year of the campaign against illiteracy

A

40%

44
Q

what % of men were literate

A

97%

45
Q

what % of women were literate

A

90%

46
Q

when were national examinations introduced

A

1935

47
Q

when was a decree to reintroduce gender segregation in schools

A

1943

48
Q

who were Komsomol + Young Pioneers expected to spy on

A

parents - report criminal behaviour to police

49
Q

what % of children were enrolled in primary school aged 8-12 by 1932

A

95%

50
Q

by what % did the number of universities increase by from 1914 to 1939

A

800%

51
Q

what was the number of university enrolments in 1940

A

812,000

52
Q

what was the number of female tractor drivers by 1940

A

50,000

53
Q

when was the new Family Code introduced

A

1936

54
Q

what did the 1936 Family Code introduced

A

-abortion criminalised
-contraception banned
-divorces difficult to obtain

55
Q

when were wedding rings reintroduced

A

1936

56
Q

when were internal passports introduced

A

1932

57
Q

when was absenteeism criminalised

A

1939

58
Q

during WWII slave labour was used. what was the gulag population in 1945 and what did it rise to by 1952

A

1945 = 1.5 million
1953 = 2.5 million

59
Q

what was Moscow’s population in 1936

A

4.1 million

60
Q

what % of people lived in dormitories in 1936

A

25%

61
Q

what % of housing did Stalingrad lose due to WWII

A

90%

62
Q
A
63
Q

how were social benefits in the 1930s organised by trade unions

A

organised
-sports facilities
-meetings
-film shows
-gave 2 week paid holiday on cheap, subsidised state resorts

A-level History-Russia (16 decks)

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