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HET4 > Steering fundamentals > Flashcards

Steering fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of a steering system

A

to transmit the drivers intentions to the steering tires in a predictable and safe manner while maintaining steering geometry to help reduce tire wear

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2
Q

the steering wheel is connected to the rest of the steering system by the

A

steering column

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3
Q

the steering column is attached to the

A

the steering shaft

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4
Q

the steering shaft feeds into

A

the steering gear

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5
Q

the steering gear is attached to the tires through what linkage

A

to the pitman arm - drag link - upper steering arm - tie rod assembly - to the right hand lower steering arm - to the right hand steering knuckle

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6
Q

how is the the steering wheel attached to the column

A

splined

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7
Q

the lower end of the steering shaft it attached to the

A

worm shaft ( input shaft ) of the steering gear with a split yolk and pinch bolt

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the steering gear

A

to transmit the drivers intentions from the steering gear to the linkage

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9
Q

what can the steering gear also provide the operator

A

a mechanical advantage through the gear arrangement to make turning easier . also provides a change in the path of power

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10
Q

what is the pitman arm attached to

A

the sector shaft

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11
Q

what is the sector shaft

A

the output shaft of the steering gear

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12
Q

what does the pitman arm change

A

rotary motion of the sector shaft to linear motion required to move the steering linkage

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13
Q

what is the drag link attached to

A

one end of the pitman arm and the other to the upper steering arm

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14
Q

how are the front wheels attached to the axle

A

by a king pin

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15
Q

what is the purpose of the king pin

A

to act as a pin in the hinge and allow the wheels to turn

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16
Q

what are the two sides of the hinge pin called

A

the steering knuckle and the I-beam axle

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17
Q

what is carrying the load of the vehicle in the king pin assembly

A

the thrust bearing

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18
Q

where is the thrust bearing placement in a reverse Elliot axle

A

on the bottom of the kingpin assembly

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19
Q

what are the purpose of the adjustable steering stops

A

to limit the amount of pivot of each tire assembly

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20
Q

where are the steering stops located

A

on the inside of each steering knuckle

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21
Q

what are a few functions of the steering wheel

A

.provide the steering assembly with input forces
.have buttons for cruise control, engine brake, stereo controls, and horn
.can be equipped with a supplemental restraint system SRS (air bag)

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22
Q

what is the importance of the steering wheel designe

A

large enough to reduce operator effort and small enough to allow clearance between the seat dash and door

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23
Q

why must the steering wheel be positioned properly

A

to allow an unobstructed view of the dash gauges and warning lights

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24
Q

what is the normal clock positioning for the steering wheel

A

10 degrees between 8 - 4 o clock

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25
Q

what holds the horn switch disk away from the contacts

A

a spring and two plastic washers

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26
Q

what allows a steering wheel with multiple functions to rotate freely in both directions

A

a clock spring

27
Q

what could result in damage to the clock spring during maintainance

A

turning the wheel while the steering shaft is disconnected

28
Q

what should be an inspection after steering wheel air bag deployment

A

inspect the clock spring

29
Q

during a light check if one of the lights stays on what could this indicate

A

that there is a problem with the srs system and needs to be repaired

30
Q

when working on a steering column how can you identify the SRS wire

A

it will be clearly marked or it will be the yellow wire

31
Q

what are the three types of steering gears

A

manual steering gear - integral power steering gear - rack and pinion steering

32
Q

what is the importance of the balls in a ball nut

A

to provide a type of bearing and reduce clearance between the worm shaft and ball nut . assuring as little play as possible and reducing friction

33
Q

what is the maximum rotation of travel for sector shaft gear for ball nut travel

A

30 degrees

34
Q

what is the purpose of the pitman arm

A

to turn rotary motion into linear

35
Q

how is the pitman arm attached to the sector shaft

A

splined

36
Q

what is important when attaching the pitman arm to the sector shaft

A

that they are timed together with the timing marks on both the pitman arm and sector shaft

37
Q

what is another name for the manual steering gear

A

Recirculating ball type

38
Q

can the drag link be used to center the steering wheel

A

no

39
Q

why do each end of the drag link need to use a ball socket design

A

because the pitman arm moves in an arc and the ball sockets allow for a limited amount of change in directional movement as the pitman arm forces the drag link back and forth

40
Q

is the one piece draglink adjustable

A

no

41
Q

what are the two adjustable types of draglinks

A

two and three piece

42
Q

what is the purpose of the upper steering arm

A

to transmit the motion of the drag link to the steering knuckle

43
Q

what is the purpose of the steering knuckles

A

to allow each of the wheel/rim assembly to pivot left or right during cornering

44
Q

if the tiers have been replaced to a wider tire what adjustment must be made to the steering system

A

adjusting the steering stop screws

45
Q

what is the minimum clearance tires can have between the frame and other components

A

1inch or 2.5 cm

46
Q

why is it important to have specific lower steering arms to each vehicle design based on wheel base

A

because the angle of the steering arms helps to determine the turning radius of the vehicle

47
Q

what are two advantages of power steering systems

A

give the operator road feel and a ease of turning while maintaining quick reaction time

48
Q

why must the power steering fluid be kept extremely clean

A

because clearance between the operating components in a power steering system are very small

49
Q

what are the advantages of a reservoir in a power steering system

A 
.compensates for slight leakage
.can transfer absorbed heat 
.has a filler port 
.level indicator
.allows power steering to vent as it heats and cools 
.include a filter element
50
Q

why might you need to add oil coolers to the power steering system

A

to remove excess heat due to the small size of the reservoir

51
Q

what is the safety placed into the power steering pump to protect the steering components

A

a pressure relief valve

52
Q

what will a pressure relief valve set to low result in

A

hard steering or poor assist

53
Q

what will a pressure relief valve set to high result in

A

chance of steering linkage damage

54
Q

what is the most common type of power steering gear system

A

the integral power steering system

55
Q

the integral power steering system provides a combination of what

A

hydraulic booster mechanism with the steering gear assembly in a compact unit

56
Q

in an integral power steering unit what returns the rotary valve to neutral position

A

torsion bar

57
Q

in integral power steering gear how is road feel transferred to the operator

A

through the torsion bar

58
Q

in a integral power steering gear what replaces the ball nut

A

a rack piston

59
Q

what is used to release the pressure at the end of rack piston travel before the steering stops on the steering knuckle contact the axle

A

a set of poppets

60
Q

what is one major difference when using dual steering gear systems

A

they would each have there own set of pitman arms drag links and upper steering arms

61
Q

what a truck has multiple sets of steering axles it is referred to as what

A

tandem steering

62
Q

what still has to be maintained when using tandem steering axles

A

a mechanical connection

63
Q

what will you never find attached to a slave gear

A

a mechanical link

64
Q

what are the general components of a power steering system

A 
.power steering fluid 
.reservoir with or without filter
.power steering pump 
.pressure relief valve / flow control 
.at least one power steering gear 
.hoses and fittings

HET4 (31 decks)

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