Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

STEP 2 CV & Resp > STEP 2 CV > Flashcards

STEP 2 CV Flashcards

CV

1
Q

Metformin contraindications?

A

Cr > 1.5 in men or > 1.4 in women

Class III heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HCTZ side effects?

A

Hyperglycemia (decreased glucose tolerance)
Hyperlipidemia (increased LDL & triglycerides)
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kawasaki dz criteria?

A

Fever plus 4 of
Enanthem (mucositis - strawberry tonge, cracked lips)
Bulbar conjunctivitis
Rash (polymorphous, nonvesicular)
[[Internal organ involvment]]
Lymphadenopathy (cervical >1.5cm)
Erythema & edema on palms & soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amio side effects?

A 
Corneal deposits
Pulmonary fibrosis (lipoid pneumonitis)
Hepatotoxicity
Thyroid dysfunction (usually hypo)
Skin changes - blue gray on face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Procainamide side effects?

A

Drug-induced lupus

agranulocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Quinidine side effects?

A

tinnitus, torsades, thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which therapy prolongs survival most in COPD?

Indications for starting this therapy?

A

Home O2
PaO2 55%
Cor pulmonale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

constrictive pericarditis vs cor pulmonale vs cardiac amyloidisis?

A

cor pulm:
distended RV
pulm HTN
TR
constrictive pericarditis:
pericardial calcifications, (nl chamber sizes)
JVP with Kussmaul’s sign, pulsus paradoxus
pericardial knock
cardiac amyloidosis:
periorbital purpura
heavy urinary protein excretion (renal involvement)
ventricular wall thinkening with nl chamber size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

AAA expansion and rupture risk factor?

A

smoking (not HTN!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

origin of arrythmias: afib, aflutter

EKG feature of AVNRT and accessory pathway tach?

A

afib - pulmonary veins
aflutter - tricuspid valve
AVNRT - narrow complex, sudden onset, no fusion beats
accessory pathway - early depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of DM?

A

FPG > 126
A1c > 6.5
OGTT 2hr > 200 - most sensitive
random > 200 with sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade?

A

muffled heart sounds
distended neck veins
hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mutations in HCM?

A

autosomal dominant
cardiac myosin heavy chain
myosin binding protein C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

raynaud’s phenomenon: tx and meds to avoid?

A

tx: DHP-type Ca++ ch blockers: amlodipine etc

avoid nonselective beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

imaging for suspected aortic dissection?

A

TEE first line

CT/MRI second line for stable pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tx for beta- or calcium channel overdose?

A

glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tx for bradycardia?

A

if symptomatic:
IV atropine 0.5mg bolus q3-5min, 3.0mg max, then
transq pacing OR epi OR dopamine, then
transvenous pacing/expert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tx for acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

mannitol

then acetazolamide, topical timolol and pilocarpine

19
Q

indications for statin therapy?

A

LDL > 190: high intensity statin
atherosclerotic dz: high/moderate for age 75 cutoff
-CAD = ACS, MI, or angina
-TIA or stroke
-PVD or revascularization
DM age>40: high/moderate for pooled cohort 7.5% cutoff
pooled cohort equations >7.5% risk: high or moderate
high: rosuva 20-40 or atorva 40-80
moderate: others

20
Q

screening: breast, Pap, colon, HTN, HIV, HLD, DEXA

A

breast: mammo every 2 ages 50-75
pap: smear every 3 (or with HPV every 5) ages 21-65
colon: FOB yearly or colonoscopy every 10 ages 50-75
HTN: every 2 yrs ages 18+
HLD: lipid panel every 5 yrs for men ages 35+
HIV: once ages 15-65
DEXA: women 65+

21
Q

PPSV23 - who gets it before age 65?

Who gets the PCV13 also?

A

-diabetics, smokers, alcoholics
-chronic lung, heart, liver dz
both:
-CSF leaks, cochlear implants
-sickle cell dz, asplenia
-immunocompromised pts
-CKD (!)

22
Q

obesity hypoventilation syndrome criteria?

therapy?

A 
aka pickwickian syndrome
-BMI > 30
-PaCO2 > 45 daytime
-no alternative explanation
Therapy:
-nocturnal CPAP
-lifestyle - > bariatric surery
-acetazolamide for respiratory stimulus
-avoid sedatives
23
Q

Mobitz I vs Mobitz II block features

A

AV node vs his bundle
lengthening PR vs constant PR
improves with AV stimulation (exercise, atropine) vs worsens
worsens with AV inhibition (vagal maneuver) vs improves
benign vs indication for pacemaker
both: AV blockers (beta, Ca++, dig) contraindicated (may cause Mobitz I)

24
Q

P450 inducers and inhibitors?

A 
Inducers:
Momma Barb Refuses Greasy Carbs and Steals PhenPhen Chronically
-Modafinil
-Barbiturates
-Rifampin
-Griseofulvin
-Carbamazepine
-St Johns Wort
-Phenytoin
-Chronic EtOH

Inhibitors: MAGIC RACKS GQ

  • macrolides (except azithromycin!)
  • amiodarone
  • grapefruit juice
  • isoniazid
  • ciprofloxacin
  • ritonavir
  • acute EtOH
  • cimetidine
  • ketoconazole
  • sulfonamides (TMP-SMX, sulfasalazine)
  • gemfibrozil
  • quinidine
25
Q

JNC 8 HTN recs?

A

age > 60 and no DM or CKD: 150/90

age

26
Q

risk factors for solitary pulmonary nodule?

A

age: low60
smoking: never, current
quitting: >15yrs, 2cm
nodule appearance: smooth, spiculated/corona

27
Q

What is ergonovine?

A

smooth muscle stimulant, ergot derivative
used for pp hemorrhage
also induces esophageal spasm and prinzmetal’s

28
Q

What are the two varieties of hereditary long QT syndrome? What are their features?

A

Romano-Ward: autosomal dominant, more common
-various K and Na channel genes, but also
-ANK mutation which encodes ankyrin necessary for channel targeting
tx: left stellate ganglion block/surgery
Jervell-Lange-Nielsen: autosomal recessive, rare
-potassium channel genes KCNE1 and KCNQ1
-deafness
tx: beta blocker, keep electrolytes nl range

29
Q

Cardiac defects in Down’s?

A
  • complete AV canal
  • VSD
  • ASD
30
Q 
Light's criteria for pleural effusion
Low glucose signifies?
nl pH?
elevated amylase?
complicated?
Other causes?
A

Exudative if:
-pleural fluid protein/serum protein > 0.5
-pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH > 0.6
-pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 nl serum LDH upper limit
Complicated if:
-glucose

31
Q

nl range for FEV1/FVC?

A

80-120%

32
Q

do patients with MVP, bicuspid aortic valves, or MR require abx prophylaxis for dental procedures?

A

nope
only: prior history of infective endocarditis
unrepaired congenital heart disease
prosthetic valves

33
Q

drugs giving survival benefit for CHF?

A

acei/arb
beta-blockers: specifically, coreg, bisoprolol, metoprolol succinate
spironolactone for class III/IV
in AA: isordil and hydral

34
Q

nl EKG features of infant?

changes in: Tricuspid atresia, Ebstein’s, Truncus, AV canal, Tet, TAPVR?

A

right axis, prominent R in V1/V2
tricuspid atresia: no tricuspid, VSD, ASD, pulm stenosis, cyanotic
-diminished R, left axis, peaked P
-reduced pulm vasc markings, nl heart size
Ebstein’s: tricuspid displaced into RV, ASD, noncyanotic
-severe TR -> peaked P, right axis, 50% have WPW
-cardiomegaly
Truncus: assoc with diGeorge, common trunk for PA and aorta, cyanotic
-nl EKG
-cardiomegaly, increased pulm vasc markings
AV canal: assoc with Down’s, cyanotic
-nl EKG
-cardiomegaly, increased pulm vasc markings
Tetralogy of Fallot: tet spells
-nl EKG
-initially nl CXR
TAPVR: cyanotic
-nl EKG (ish)
-increased pulm vasc markings

35
Q

secondary prevention post MI?

A 
mortality benefit from:
ASA + clopidogrel
ACEI
beta-blocker
statin
36
Q

TX for acute PCP?

A

bactrim, corticosteroids

37
Q

criteria for home O2 therapy in COPD?

A

sat 55%, right heart failure

titrate to sat > 90% all times

38
Q

what are chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine

A 
chlorpromazine = thorazine, anti-dopamine, anti-everything else also
prochlorperazine = compazine, anti-D2 motility agent
39
Q

STEMI therapy

A 
ASA
plavix
nitrate
beta blocker if not: (hypotensive, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, heart block)
Statin
O2 (if sat
40
Q

ASA + beta-blocker side effects?

A

bronchoconstriction

41
Q

cardio anomalies associated with Turner’s?

A

aortic root dilatation, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta

42
Q

compartment syndrome: early clinical signs?
late signs?
pressure criteria?

A 
early:
-lots of pain, increased with passive stretch
-tense swelling
-paresthesias
late/uncommon signs:
-weakness/paralysis
-pallor 
-pulselessness
needs > 30mmHg compartment pressure or
43
Q

muscular dystrophies - clinical signs, genetics

A

Duchenne - onset 2-3, Gower maneuver, calf hypertrophy
Becker - onset 3-15, milder version of Duchenne
Myotonic - onset 12-30, grip myotonia, facial weakness, foot drop, dysphagia, cardiac conduction, testicular atrophy/infertility
genetics:
myotonic is AD, trinucleotide
others are XR, dystrophin gene

STEP 2 CV & Resp (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions