Stress and microbiome in pathology Flashcards
True or false: Gut microbiome outnumbers human cells
True
When does colonization of the infant gut occur?
When the infant is exposed to the vaginal microbiota
What does the colonization of the infant gut show?
Influence of maternal influence on offspring
What is required for normal brain development and key processes like microglia activation?
Gut bacteria
How does microbiota communicate with the brain?
Vagus nerve activation
Production of microbial antigens and cytokines by DCs, microbial metabolites and short chain fatty acids
Stimulation of enteroendocrine gut cells to secrete hormonal messengers
What pro-inflammatory conditions affect microbiota-gut-brain interactions?
Glia reactivity, neurodegeneration, compromised BBB integrity
How does microbiota affect behavior?
Anxiety, social behavior, depression-like behavior, visceral pain
How does microbiota affect HPA axis?
Stress-induced HPA activation can modify gut microbiome (sex-different manner)
What substance can ameliorate stress-induces physiological changes?
Probiotics
Associate the descriptions with their term
a) Nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of one or a few bacteria in the colon
b) Living microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host
a) Prebiotics
b) Probiotics
Majority of gut bacteria are ________________ in both sexes, but some bacterial taxa are ___________ in both sexes
Equi-present; different
What is a consequence of chronic use of cytokines as treatment for tumors?
Depression
_______________ occurs as a results of neurodegenerative cascade initiated by pro-inflammatory cytokines
Dementia
What is a possible cause of schizophrenia?
Maternal infection
What is the timeline of schizophrenia? Place these events in order
a) Social anxiety
b) Dopamine dysregulation
c) Subtle motor, cognitive and social deficits
d) Psychosis
c, a, b, d
