Structural organization of the Human Body

Question 1

What are the levels of organization of the human body?

Answer 1

Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms and biosphere

Question 2

Describe the subatomic particle, atoms and molecules

Answer 2

Subatomic particles are particles that make up an atom, an atom is a pure substance called an element and a molecule is two or more atoms together

Question 3

Describe organell

Answer 3

Tiny functioning units inside of cells (ex. cellular membrane, mitochondria, etc.)

Question 4

Describe the cell

Answer 4

Smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism, almost all functions of human physiology are performed in cells or are initiated by cells

Question 5

Describe the tissue

Answer 5

Groype of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 6

Describe an organ

Answer 6

An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types. Each organ performs one or more specific physiologival functions

Question 7

Describe an organ system

Answer 7

Group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body

Question 8

Describe an organism

Answer 8

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiological functions necessary for life

Question 9

Name some of the major organelles in human cells

Answer 9

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough + smooth), Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, nucleus, vacuole. ribosome, cytosqueleton

Question 10

What are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (soft and rough)

Answer 10

Translation and folding of new proteins rough), expression of lipids (smooth)

Question 11

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

Sorting and modification of proteins

Question 12

What are the functions of the mitochondrion

Answer 12

Energy production

Question 13

What are the functions of the nucleus

Answer 13

DNA maintenance, RNA transcription

Question 14

What are the functions of the vacuole

Answer 14

Storage, homeostasis

Question 15

What are the functions of the ribosome

Answer 15

Translation of RNA into proteins

Question 16

What are the functions of the cytosqueleton

Answer 16

Provides the cell its shape and structure, important to controlling inter and intra cellular transportation

Question 17

Name the 4 basic types of tissue in the human body

Answer 17

Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue

Question 18

Describe connective tissues

Answer 18

Supports organs and cells, transports nutrients and wastes, defends against pathogens, stores fat, and repairs damaged tissues

Is composed of primarily extracellular matrix and a limited number of cells

Question 19

Describe epithelial tissue

Answer 19

Forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of the body, lines the body cavities and hollow organs, is the major tissue in glands

Question 20

Describe muscle tissue

Answer 20

Predominant function is contractibility

3 types: skeletal (cylindrical, multinucleated, striated and under voluntary control, attached to the skeleton) , smooth (spindle shaped, have a single central nucleus and no striations, no voluntary control, covering walls of internal organs) and cardiac (striated, branched and unnucleated fibers, no voluntary control, only covering walls of the heart)

Question 21

Describe nervous tissue

Answer 21

Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves, responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities

Composed of neurons (receive and transmit impulses) and neuroglia (assist the propagation of the nerve impulses and provide nutrients to the neurons)