Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What are intermolecular forces?
Weak forces of attraction that form between molecules
What are the type of intermolecular forces?
-permanent dipole-permanent dipole
-hydrogen bonding
-London forces (induced dipole)
What type of molecules are permanent dipole - permanent dipole?
Polar molecules
How is a dipole created in polar molecules?
From the attraction between molecules with slight positive charge and another molecule with a slight negative charge
What type of molecules have hydrogen bonding?
Molecules which have hydrogen directly bonded to them such as: F-H, O-H,N-H
How is hydrogen bonding shown through a diagram?
- Show the dipole and the lone pairs
- Then draw a bond from the lone pair to a neighbouring hydrogen atom.
What type of molecules do London forces (induced dipole-dipole) occur in?
Non-polar molecules
How do induced dipoles arise?
- electron density is constantly moving
- at any instant electron density is uneven which leads to an instantaneous dipole
-this forces a dipole in a neighbouring molecule
How do you increase the strength of induced dipole- dipole interactions?
Increase the number of electrons
Which is the strongest intermolecular force?
Hydrogen bonding
What is the weakest intermolecular force?
London forces
Which intermolecular force does all molecules have?
London forces
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Can ionic substances conduct electricity?
Only when molten or liquid cause when they are solid there are no free electrons to carry the charge through out the structure
Why do ionic compounds have high boiling points?
Due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the lattice together
