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Q2 > Structure and Function of ATP > Flashcards

Structure and Function of ATP Flashcards

1
Q

ATP is short for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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2
Q

It is often referred to as the energy currency of a cell as it can pick up energy and transfer that energy to another chemical process.

A

ATP

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3
Q

Contains sugar ribose, N-base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate group

A

ATP

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4
Q

Responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells, and in most cases, it acts as the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work.

A

ATP

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5
Q

One of the nucleoside triphosphates used to make RNA

A

ATP

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6
Q

3 main kinds of work of a cell

A

chemical work, transport work, and mechanical work

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7
Q

works of the cell are possible through

A

energy coupling

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8
Q

cells use an exergonic process to drive an endergonic reaction.

A

energy coupling

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9
Q

synthesis of polymers from monomers (pushing of endergonic reactions)

A

chemical work

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10
Q

pumping of substances across membranes (against the direction of spontaneous movement)

A

transport work

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11
Q

beating of cilia, contraction of muscles

A

mechanical work

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12
Q

also used to make RNA

A

ATP

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13
Q

phosphate groups are bonded by

A

phosphoanhydride bonds

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14
Q

ribose and triphosphate group are bonded by

A

phosphoester bonds

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15
Q

The bond between phosphate groups can be broken down by

A

hydrolysis

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16
Q

When the terminal phosphate is broken down by the addition of a water molecule, a molecule of _____ leaves the ATP.

A

inorganic phosphate (HOPO3
-2)

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17
Q

ATP is (type of reaction) and releases ____ kcal of energy per mole of ATP hydrolyzed.

A

exergonic
-7.3kcal

18
Q

process of hydrolysis

A
  1. A lone pair of e- of oxygen in H2O will launch a nucleophilic attack on the phosphorus (of phosphate).
  2. However, it needs to overcome the negative charges to get close to the POSITIVE CHARGES. It can be done with the help of ATPases.
  3. ATPases surround the ATP molecule with positive ions and keep the negative ions busy.
  4. Eventually the electrons can bond with terminal P and cleave the bond.
  5. At the end of hydrolysis, ADP and inorganic phosphate (HOPO3
    -2) are formed.
19
Q

addition of water

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

enzyme that helps in hydrolysis

A

ATPase

21
Q

why does this hydrolysis release so much energy?

A

electrostatic repulsion

22
Q

the adjacent negative charges
repel each other

A

electrostatic repulsion

23
Q

when an animal is exposed to a cold environment, the reaction of the body is through

A

shivering

24
Q

shivering uses ATP during ______ to warm the body.

A

muscle contraction

25
Q

the energy released during ATP hydrolysis is used by ___ to perform work

A

proteins

26
Q

it leads to a change in the shape of the protein and in its ability to bind to another molecule.

A

hydrolysis of ATP

27
Q

ADP to ATP

A

phosphorylation

28
Q

ATP to ADP

A

dephosphorylation

29
Q

promote crucial protein shape changes during important cellular process

A

phosphorylation and dephosphorylation

30
Q

the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

A

Reaction Coupling

31
Q

Two reactions are linked together with one providing the energy needed for the other to occur.

A

Reaction Coupling

32
Q

The linking often happens through a shared intermediate, meaning that a product of one reaction is “picked up” and used as a reactant in the second reaction.

A

Reaction Coupling

33
Q

The energy generated from one reaction is used to drive the second reaction. This is being done by phosphorylation.

A

Reaction Coupling

34
Q

The energy generated from one reaction is used to drive the second reaction. This is being done by

A

phosphorylation

35
Q

a product of one reaction is “picked up” and used as a reactant in the second reaction

A

shared intermediate

36
Q

ATP binds to motor proteins and then is hydrolyzed, causing a shape change that walks the motor protein forward

A

mechanical work

37
Q

ATP phosphorylates transport proteins, causing a shape change that allows transport of solutes

A

transport work

38
Q

ATP hydrolysis is

A

reversible

39
Q

The _____ is just the reverse of the hydrolysis reaction:

A

ATP regeneration reaction

40
Q

ATP regeneration reaction

A

energy+ADP+Pi⇋ATP+H2O

Q2 (6 decks)

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