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Research Exam 1 > Study guide 1 > Flashcards

Study guide 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Nursing has ____ knowledge from other disciplines such as medicine, psychology, and sociology.

A

borrowing

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1
Q

List eight ways of acquiring knowledge in nursing

A

Traditions, authority, borrowing, trial& error, personal experience, intuition, reasoning, role modeling

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2
Q

Nurses often have a “gut feeling” or “just know” when patients’ conditions become very serious. This is an example of ____.

A

intuition

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3
Q

in the internship, new graduates are encouraged to act as _____

A

role models

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4
Q

two types of logical reasoning are _____ and ______

A

inductive and deductive

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5
Q

what type of reasoning do the three sentences below represent?

  1. Human beings experience pain.
  2. Babies are human beings.
  3. Therefore, babies experience pain.
A

deductive

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6
Q

_______ is considered the first nurse researcher.

A

florence nightingale

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7
Q

identify 3 research designs that could be conducted to generate a science for nursing.

A

quantitative, qualitative, and outcome

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8
Q

identify four types of research

A

description, explanation, prediction, control

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9
Q

a research design that emphasizes the use of numbers and statistics to analyze and explain social events and human behavior.

A

quantitative

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10
Q

a research design that uses systemic observation and focuses on the meanings people give to their social actions.

A

qualitative

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11
Q

In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and controlled setting?

  1. descriptive 2. Correlational
  2. Experimental 4. Quasi-experimental
A
  1. Experimental
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12
Q

Which of the following types of research involve at least a minor degree of control by the researcher to implement the study treatment?

  1. correlational 2. descriptive
  2. experimental 4. quasi-experimental
A

Quasi-experimental

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13
Q

the question “is there a relationship between caffeine intake and intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma?” is an example of which type of research?

  1. correlational 2. historical
  2. phenomenological 4. basic
A

CORRELATIONAL

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14
Q

what category or type of research is suggested by the following research question? “Does telephone follow-up by nurses improve patients’ compliance with their medication regimens?”
1. applied 2. basic 3. phenomenological 4. quality assistance

A

APPLIED

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15
Q

Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting?
1. controlled 2. laboratory 3. natural 4. simulated

A

NATURAL

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16
Q

what type of research is this:

Determining the effect of a relaxation technique on patient’s post-operative pain.

A

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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17
Q

what type of research:

Identifying the incidence of HIV in adolescence and young adults.

A

DESCRIPTIVE

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18
Q

what type of research:

Examining the relationships among age, gender, knowledge of AIDS,and use of condoms in college students.

A

CORRELATIONAL

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19
Q

what type of research:

Describing the coping strategies of chronically ill men and women

A

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

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20
Q

what type of research:

Determining the effect of impaired physical mobility on skeletal muscle atrophy in laboratory rats.

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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21
Q

A critical appraisal should be a/an:

  1. analysis of a study’s internal validity problems.
  2. balanced appraisal of a study’s strengths and weaknesses.
  3. criticism of the researcher’s faulty decisions.
  4. inventory of problems in the study.
A

Balanced appraisal of a study’s strengths and weaknesses.

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22
Q

A nurse reviewing a research article on anxiety in new mothers notes that the research used the tool “worry assessment scale” to measure level of anxiety during the first 3 months of motherhood. The nurse questions the validity of this tool for measuring anxiety. Which phrase of the critique process is she using?
1. analysis 2. comparison 3. comprehensin 4. evaluation

A

Analysis

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23
Q

Examining a quantitative study to determine the extent to which the researcher followed the “rules” for an ideal study is part of which of the following steps in the critique process?
1. analysis 2. comparison 3. Comprehension 4. Conceptual clustering

A

Comparison

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24
Q

Why is the critical appraisal of nursing research essential?

A

there is a strong movement toward evidence-based practice.

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25
Q

What major skills is required to competently evaluate research?

A

the ability to write concisely

26
Q

What is the very first step in critically appraising an article?

A

Thoroughly read the entire article

27
Q

Which of the following statements would be an acceptable response to the question, “what is the study problem?”

A

“the researcher states the study problem completely and concisely. it is clear to the reader what was trying to be accomplished with the research.”

28
Q

What is the basic purpose of the comprehension phase of critiquing a research study?

A

Gain a basic understanding of the research

29
Q

Which two phases of a research critique are most likely to be done simultaneously?

A

comparison and analysis

30
Q

In which phase of the critical appraisal is the study compared and contrasted with the ideal, requiring that the reviewer understand each step of the research process?
1. analysis 2. comparison 3. comprehension 4. evaluation

A

COMPARISON

31
Q

If a reviewer is asking “to what populations can the findings be generalized?”, which phase of the research critique is represented?

A

EVALUATION

32
Q

If a reviewer is asking “is the problem significant and relevant to nursing?”, what part of the study is being critiqued?

A

research objectives, questions, or hypotheses

33
Q

If a reviewer is asking “are they sufficiently sensitive to detect differences between subjects?” what part of study is being critiqued?

A

measurements

34
Q

A researcher explores the following question: Are there differences in energy expenditure between toileting in bed or out of bed in healthy adults and hospitalized patients? Which of the following is the independent variable?

A

adult health status

35
Q

The following hypothesis was investigated in a study for review: children who have a parent who is dieting are more likely to put themselves on diets at a young age. which of the following is the independent variable? 1. Children 2. dieting behavior of child 3. dieting behavior of parents 4. young age

A

dieting behavior or parent(s)

36
Q

The following hypothesis was investigated in a study for review: Children who have a parent who is dieting are more likely to put themselves on diets at a young age. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
1.Children 2.Dieting behavior of parent 3. Dieting behavior of child 4. young age

A

Dieting behavior of child

37
Q

The following hypothesis was investigated in a study you are reviewing: Children who have a parent who is dieting are more likely to put themselves on diets at a young age. As you critique this study, what kind of hypothesis will you report?

  1. Associative, complex 2. Casual, nondirectional
  2. Complex, directional 4. Simple,directional
A

Simple, directional

38
Q

The following hypothesis was investigated in a study: daily “doses of humor” will cause arthritis sufferers to use less pain meds and exercise longer. Which of the following is the independent variable?

  1. Amount of pain meds 2. Arthritis sufferers
  2. Doses of humor 4. Length of exercise
A

doses of humor

39
Q

The following hypothesis was investigated in a study: Daily “doses of humor” will cause arthritis sufferers to use less pain meds and exercise longer. Which of the following listed is the dependent variable? 1. Arthritis sufferers 2.Humor 3.Frequency of humor 4.length of exercise

A

length of exerise

40
Q

In looking at the sampling plan of a study, the reviewer knows that the sample size needed for a study increases when the:

A

number of variables in the study increase

41
Q

Which of the following is an important skill when critiquing qualitative research?

A

being able to identify the potential weaknesses of qualitative research.

42
Q

When critiquing sample size in a study, which of the following study type would require largest sample size?

  1. correlational 2. experimental
  2. grounded theory 4. phenomenological
A

correlational (comparing)

43
Q

Which of the following standards are not typically applied to qualitative research studies?

  1. Descriptive vividness 2. Methodological congruence
  2. Philosophical or theoretical connectedness
  3. statistical appropriateness for data analysis
A

statistical appropriateness for data analysis

44
Q

Which of the following would represent a failure to adhere to ethical standards in a qualitative study?

  1. Conducting the study after first obtaining permission from the IRB. 2. Continuing to question a subject about a traumatic incident after the subject begins to openly sob and asks to be excused.
  2. mentioning that subjects had the right to refuse to participate in the study. 4. Not including all the specific details of a study in the informed consent document.
A

Continuing to question a subject about a traumatic incident after the subject begins to openly sob and asks to be excused.

45
Q

Which of the following is true about critiquing the literature consent document?

  1. all studies connected with the topic should be presented.
  2. the literature review for a qualitative study is going to be much lengthier than for a quantitative one. 3. The literature should be summarized and presented in chronological order. 4. the researcher should gather all relevant literature and present it as it applies to the current study, noting agreements, disagreements, and gaps in the knowledge base.
A

the researcher should gather all relevant literature and present it as it applies to the current study, noting agreements, disagreements, and gaps in the knowledge base.

46
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Studies cultures

A

Ethnographic

47
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Studies interactions of individuals or groups

A

Grounded Theory

48
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Studies meaning of a lived experience

A

Phenomenological

49
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Uses informatics

A

Grounded Theory

50
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Studies the past

A

Historical

51
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Gaining entry is essential

A

Ethnographic

52
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Uses constant comparative process

A

Grounded theory

53
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Develops an inventory of sources

A

Historical

54
Q

Qualitative Methods:
Is it A. Phenomenological C. Ethnographic
B.Grounded Theory D. Historical Characteristics

Considers an experience unique to the individual

A

Phenomenological

55
Q

Name four characteristics of rigor in qualitative research

A
  1. openness
  2. Thoroughness in collecting data
  3. adherence to a philosophical perspective
  4. consideration of all data in subject theory development phase
56
Q

A key factor in qualitative research is:

A

Researcher-participant relationship

57
Q

The purpose of grounded theory research is to:

A

Study phenomena that contribute to theory development

58
Q

The purpose of ethnographic research is to:

A

Observe and document interactions within a culture

59
Q

The purpose of phenomenological research is to:

A

Describe experiences as they are lived

60
Q

Which of the following is true about qualitative research?

A

Focus is on studying the “whole”

61
Q

Data for qualitative studies are:

A

Based on words rather than numbers

62
Q

Which of the following methods would be most reasonable to use if a researcher is interested in finding out what it is like to live with a person who has a terminal illness?

  1. Experimental 2. Forced-choice questionnaires
  2. Phenomenological approach 4. structured interviews
A

phenomenological approach

63
Q

Qualitative research is based on which of the following?

  1. A philosophy that all phenomena have antecedent causes
  2. logical positivist paradigm
  3. Objective reality
  4. The belief that multiple “truths” and “realities” exist
A

the belief that multiple “truths” and “realities” exist

Research Exam 1 (1 decks)

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