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Biology > Study Guides 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Study Guides 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acrosome

A

Membranous sac on the head of a sperm cell that contains enzymes that facilitate sperm penetration into the egg during fertilization.

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2
Q

Androgens

A

A steroid sex hormone secreted by the testes in males and produced in small quantities by the adrenal glands in both sexes.

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3
Q

Autonomic

A

Unconscious

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4
Q

Erectile tissue

A

3 columns of spongy tissue, loose network connective tissue with many open spaces

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5
Q

Estrogens

A

A steroid sex hormone produces in the ovary.

Helps eggs mature, stimulate cell division, and maintain secondary sex characteristics.

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6
Q

Gametes

A

Reproductive cell

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7
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical messenger released by cells of the endocrine system that travels through the circulatory system to affect receptor target cells.

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8
Q

Oogenesis

A

Production of ova

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9
Q

Prolapse

A

Abnormal shifting of the uterus.

If ligaments stretch or supporting muscles become weak.

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10
Q

Testosterone

A

A sex hormone needed for sperm production and the maintenance of male reproductive structures. Created in testes.

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11
Q

Urethra

A

Muscular tube that transports urine out of body. In males, it also conducts sperm from vas deferens to outside of body.

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12
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, commonly of the arterioles. Blood flow through the vessel is reduced, and blood pressure rises as a result.

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13
Q

Vasodilation

A

A increase in the diameter of blood vessels, commonly in the arterioles. Blood flow increases, and blood pressure decreases as a result.

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14
Q

Primary sex organ

A

Ovaries

Testes

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15
Q

Secondary sex organs

A

Don’t produce gametes

Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

Epididymis, vas deferens, penis, scrotum

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16
Q

Secondary sex characteristic

A

Pubic, underarm, facial hair

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17
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Tenses scrotum to control distance of testes from body

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18
Q

Genetic sex

A

Biological assignment. Chromosomes

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19
Q

Gender

A

How a person feels as a man or woman. May or may not match the body

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20
Q

Presentation

A

Depends on a culture

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21
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable explanation.

Falsifiable

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22
Q

Theory

A

Consistent with many experiments

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23
Q

Puberty

A

Females: 12-15 years
Males: 13-16 years
Development of secondary sex characteristics

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24
Q

Hormone receptor

A

Protein molecules that recognize and bond to specific hormones

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25
Q

Steroid

A

Lipids, related to cholesterol

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26
Q

Hippocrates

A

First non-magical writing on disease and treatments. He observed symptoms and documented valid treatments.

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27
Q

Galen

A

Revised Hippocrates

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28
Q

William Harvey

A

Accurately described blood flow, action if the heart.

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29
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Introduced sanitation

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30
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Beginning of nursing movement

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31
Q

5 principles of scientific work

A
  1. Guided by natural law
  2. Explained by reference to natural law
  3. Testable against empirical world
  4. Conclusions are tentative, not the final word
  5. Falsifiable
32
Q

Scientific method

A

Observation
Hypothesis
Testing
Conclusions

Theory

33
Q

Integumentary system

A

Protection, temp regulation, sensation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis

34
Q

Skeletal system

A

Collagen: elasticity
Calcium salts: rigidity, resistance to compression

Support, protection, leverage for movement, calcium reservoir

35
Q

Muscular system

A

Movement, posture, heat

36
Q

Nervous system

A

Sensation, motor activity, homeostasis

Quick response

37
Q

Somatic

A

Conscious

38
Q

Cardiovascular (2 subsystems)

A

High pressure: heart, arteries, veins - carries blood and pumps through body

Low pressure: lymph nodes, lymphatics- carries lymph, no pump.

39
Q

Exocrine

A

Glands with ducts, don’t go to blood

40
Q

Paracrine

A

Diffuses short distance, local effect

41
Q

Pheromones

A

Released outside of body, affect on other individuals

42
Q

3 Hormone Types

A

Amino acid derivatives-small molecules
Peptides (protein)-long chain of amino acids
Steroids-lipids, related to cholesterol

43
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, commonly of the arterioles. Blood flow through the vessel is reduced, and blood pressure rises as a result.

44
Q

Vasodilation

A

A increase in the diameter of blood vessels, commonly in the arterioles. Blood flow increases, and blood pressure decreases as a result.

45
Q

Primary sex organ

A

Ovaries

Testes

46
Q

Secondary sex organs

A

Don’t produce gametes

Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

Epididymis, vas deferens, penis, scrotum

47
Q

Secondary sex characteristic

A

Pubic, underarm, facial hair

48
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Tenses scrotum to control distance of testes from body

49
Q

Genetic sex

A

Biological assignment. Chromosomes

50
Q

Gender

A

How a person feels as a man or woman. May or may not match the body

51
Q

Presentation

A

Depends on a culture

52
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable explanation.

Falsifiable

53
Q

Theory

A

Consistent with many experiments

54
Q

Puberty

A

Females: 12-15 years
Males: 13-16 years
Development of secondary sex characteristics

55
Q

Hormone receptor

A

Protein molecules that recognize and bond to specific hormones

56
Q

Steroid

A

Lipids, related to cholesterol

57
Q

Hippocrates

A

First non-magical writing on disease and treatments. He observed symptoms and documented valid treatments.

58
Q

Galen

A

Revised Hippocrates

59
Q

William Harvey

A

Accurately described blood flow, action if the heart.

60
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Introduced sanitation

61
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Beginning of nursing movement

62
Q

5 principles of scientific work

A
  1. Guided by natural law
  2. Explained by reference to natural law
  3. Testable against empirical world
  4. Conclusions are tentative, not the final word
  5. Falsifiable
63
Q

Scientific method

A

Observation
Hypothesis
Testing
Conclusions

Theory

64
Q

Integumentary system

A

Protection, temp regulation, sensation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis

65
Q

Skeletal system

A

Collagen: elasticity
Calcium salts: rigidity, resistance to compression

Support, protection, leverage for movement, calcium reservoir

66
Q

Muscular system

A

Movement, posture, heat

67
Q

Nervous system

A

Sensation, motor activity, homeostasis

Quick response

68
Q

Somatic

A

Conscious

69
Q

Cardiovascular (2 subsystems)

A

High pressure: heart, arteries, veins - carries blood and pumps through body

Low pressure: lymph nodes, lymphatics- carries lymph, no pump.

70
Q

Exocrine

A

Glands with ducts, don’t go to blood

71
Q

Paracrine

A

Diffuses short distance, local effect

72
Q

Pheromones

A

Released outside of body, affect on other individuals

73
Q

3 Hormone Types

A

Amino acid derivatives-small molecules
Peptides (protein)-long chain of amino acids
Steroids-lipids, related to cholesterol

74
Q

Atresia

A

Closure of a natural passage or channel of the body (like the vagina)

75
Q

Antrum

A

General term for a cavity or chamber which may have specific meaning in reference to certain organs or sites in the body

Biology (1 decks)

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