STUFF I FORGET Flashcards
1
Q
Rf equation (chromatography)
A
Distance travelled by solutions / distance travelled by solute
2
Q
Simple distillation
A
Used to separate out solutions
3
Q
Fractional distillation
A
Used to separate a mixture of liquids
4
Q
Diffusion experiments
A
- Potassium manganate and water
- Ammonia and hydrogen chloride
5
Q
Solution
A
A solute dissolved in a solvent
6
Q
Solute
A
The substance being dissolved in a solvent
7
Q
Solvent
A
The liquid the solute is dissolving in
8
Q
Saturated solution
A
A solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve in the solution
9
Q
Filtration
A
Used to separate an insoluble salt from a liquid
10
Q
Crystallisation
A
Separates a soluble salt from a solution
11
Q
Giant ionic structure
A
- Huge lattice
- Strong forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions therefore a lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces
- High melting and boiling points
- Brittle
- Often soluble in water
- Conduct electricity when molten or in solution, but not when solid
12
Q
Simple covalent structure
A
- Strong forces of attraction between the atoms within the molecules
- Weak forces of attraction between the molecules therefore little energy is needed to overcome these forces
- Low melting and boiling points
13
Q
Giant covalent structure
A
- Strong forces of attraction between the atoms therefore a lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces
- High melting and boiling points
- Don’t conduct electricity (except graphite)
- Usually insoluble in water
14
Q
Diamond
A
- Simple covalent structure
- Strong forces of attraction between molecules therefore a lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces
- Each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds
- Rigid lattice structure
- Very hard
- Doesn’t conduct electricity (no free electrons or ions)
15
Q
Graphite
A
- Simple covalent structure
- Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds creating layers of carbon atoms
- Layers are held weakly by weak forces between the molecules therefore the layers can slide over each other. This makes graphite soft and slippery
- High melting and boiling point therefore a lot of energy is needed to overcome the forces
