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VCE Psychology 1/2 > Summative Test 2/21 > Flashcards

Summative Test 2/21 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an emotion?

A

a complex reaction pattern to a personal event involving a mixture of physiological responses, subjective feelings and behaviours

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2
Q

physiological responses

A

unnoticeable bodily changes – occurs when an emotion is being experienced
ex. heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration

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3
Q

subjective feelings

A

inner personal experience of an emotion
ex. being in love

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4
Q

expressive behaviours

A

overt expressions of behaviours that communicate emotions – outward, noticeable signs

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5
Q

what is attachment?

A

the emotional bond which forms between an infant and a caregiver

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6
Q

what did Mary Ainsworth do?

A

researched attachment – the strange situation experiment

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7
Q

secure attachment

A

SECURE BASE
can be soothed easily
infants feel safe and can depend on caregiver
60-65% of Australian children

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8
Q

insecure avoidant attachment

A

unresponsive to caregiver’s arrival/departure
either temperament or nurture

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9
Q

insecure resistant attachment

A

underdeveloped secure base
infants are clingy and resist exploration
very distressed and hard to soothe

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10
Q

disorganised attachment

A

NOT DISCOVERED BY MARY
infant displays problematic and unpredictable behaviour
due to extremely negative early life experiences

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11
Q

future of secure attachment babies

A

healthy relationships and good mental health

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12
Q

future of insecure attachment

A

unhealthy relationships, scared of emotions, bad mental health, lack of trust

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13
Q

future of disorganised attachment

A

bad self esteem, mental disorders, controlling and high levels of anger

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14
Q

what did Harry Harlow do?

A

he made an attachment experiment with Rhesus monkeys

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15
Q

types of development

A

emotional, cognitive and social

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16
Q

what did harry harlow’s experiment prove

A

the importance of physical touch in infancy

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17
Q

what type of parents did the Rhesus monkeys grow up to be

A

aggressive

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18
Q

what did Ainsworth’s experiment prove

A

the importance of secure bases and strong emotional attachment as an infant

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19
Q

what is social behaviour

A

any action influenced by the presence of others

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20
Q

what did Erik Erikson believe

A

that an individual’s personality develops from the combination of the psychological processes within the individual and their external experiences with other people throughout their lives

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21
Q

what did Erik erikson make?

A

a theory of psychosocial development

the eight stages

22
Q

Stage 1: Trust VS Mistrust

A

0-2 years old
needs met = trusting
needs not met = distrusting and insecure

23
Q

Stage 2: Autonomy VS Shame & Distrust

A

2-3 years old
child gains autonomy
need met = confident
needs not met = sense of shame & self doubt

24
Q

Stage 3: Initiative VS Guilt

A

3-6 years old
children start to socialise in their families
needs not met = ignoring of family members lowers self esteem

25
Q

Stage 4: Industry VS Inferiority

A

6 years old - puberty
children start to socialise outside
needs not met = incompetence and inferiority

26
Q

Stage 5: Identity VS Role Confusion

A

adolescence
challenge: to form a clear sense of identity
needs not met = low self esteem and instability
risk of developing mental disorders

27
Q

Stage 6: Intimacy VS Isolation

A

early adulthood
success with intimacy = empathy and openness
failure = feeling of isolation, shrewdness and a “need” to manipulate

28
Q

Stage 7: Generativity V Stagnation

A

middle age
challenge: to develop relationships and have concern with/abt younger generations
success = unselfish guidance & feeling of contentment
failure = self absorbed & indulgent

29
Q

Stage 8: Integrity VS Despair

A

65+
challenge: avoid dwelling on past mistakes & imminent death
success = sense of meaning and accomplishment
failure = bitterness, regret and despair

30
Q

what did some early thinkers believe about infants

A

that they were empty vessels waiting to be filled with knowledge

31
Q

what did Jean Piaget research and make?

A

cognitive capabilities of infants
viewed cognitive development as a process of adaptation
he made Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

the key accomplishments

32
Q

assimilation

A

process of taking in new information and fitting it into pre-exisiting ideas about objects

33
Q

accomodation

A

change a pre-existing idea to fit new information

34
Q

schema

A

like an implicit bias

35
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 years
infants use senses and movement to learn
integrate sensory processes

36
Q

key accomplishments of sensorimotor

A

object permanence and goal oriented behaviour

37
Q

preoperational stage

A

2-7 years
children start to develop and acquire language skills + imagination

38
Q

concrete operational stage

A

7-12
thinking becomes more sophisticated
logical

39
Q

key accomplishments of preoperational

A

egocentrism, animism, centration, transformation

40
Q

what does thinking have to be attached with in the concrete operational stage

A

something tangible

41
Q

key accomplishments of concrete operational

A

conservation, classification and reversibility

42
Q

formal operational stage

A

12+
children develop more complex and sophisticated thinking

43
Q

key accomplishments of formal operational

A

abstract thinking, logical thinking and idealistic thinking

44
Q

criticisms of piaget

A

children are limited in their abilities
overestimated children’s language abilities
used his OWN children

45
Q

8, social

stages of erik erikson’s theory

A
  1. trust vs mistrust
  2. autonomy vs self doubt
  3. initiative vs guilt
  4. industry vs inferiority
  5. identity vs role confusion
  6. intimacy vs isolation
  7. generativity vs stagnation
  8. integrity vs despair
46
Q

4, cognitive

stages of piaget’s

A
  1. sensorimotor (0-2)
  2. preoperational (2-7)
  3. concrete operational (7-12)
  4. formal operational (12+)
47
Q

sensitive period

A

periods in development where sensory experiences have greater influence

is not exclusive

48
Q

sensitive period for speaking

A

7 months to 3 years

49
Q

sensitive period for writing

A

3.5 to 4.5 years

50
Q

sensitive period for reading

A

4.5 to 5.5 years

51
Q

critical period

A

a period in development hwere an individual is most vulnerable to the absense of certain environmental stimuli

exclusive

52
Q

critical period for sensory development

A

first three months after birth

VCE Psychology 1/2 (2 decks)

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