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AP US History > Summer Reading Exam > Flashcards

Summer Reading Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Empires:

A

Spain, Holland, Portugal, England, France

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2
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors

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3
Q

encomienda system

A

spanish lord provides education and protection in return for labor from natives

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4
Q

mission system

A

created religious communities designed to convert natives to catholocism

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5
Q

colonial relationship with north americans

A

trade and alliances, but also intense conflict, brutal subjugation, and enslavement`

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6
Q

jamestown

A

first permanent English settlement in north america, founded by John Smith

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7
Q

Stono Rebellion

A

slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina, largest revolt in the Southern Colonies

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8
Q

John smith

A

English soldier, explorer, colonial governor, admiral of New England, and author. He played an important role in the establishment of the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

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9
Q

Joint stock company

A

a business entity in which shares of the company’s stock can be bought and sold by shareholders

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10
Q

puritans

A

English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices

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11
Q

separatists

A

Separatists emphasized the right and responsibility of each congregation to determine its own affairs, without having to submit those decisions to the judgment of any higher human authority

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12
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Puritan spiritual advisor, religious reformer, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

English Puritan Separatist who became governor of the Plymouth colony

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14
Q

Great Migration of 1630s

A

20,000 English men, women and children sailed to the new Massachusetts Bay Colony

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15
Q

quakers

A

people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations. Members of these movements (“the Friends”) are generally united by a belief in each human’s ability to experience the light within or “answering that of God in every one”.

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16
Q

Headright system

A

legal grant of land given to settlers during the period of European colonization in the Americas. (50 acres)

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17
Q

John Rolfe

A

English explorer, farmer and merchant. He is best known for being the husband of Pocahontas and the first settler in the colony of Virginia to successfully cultivate a tobacco

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18
Q

Indentured servitude

A

labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years

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19
Q

Powhatan Indians

A

indigenous people from East Virginia

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20
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

armed rebellion of Virginia settlers against the governor for refusing to drive out Natives

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21
Q

triangular trade

A

trade between three posts or regions

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22
Q

great awakening

A

a number of periods of religious revival in American Christian history

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23
Q

half-way covenant

A

a form of partial church membership adopted by the Congregational churches of colonial New England in the 1660s, provided more rights and freedoms to baptized people even if they didnt practice actively

24
Q

economics of the colonies

A

Northern colonies mostly relied on trade, while Southern territories were major agricultural producers of cotton and tobacco, mercantilism

25
Q

navigation lawas

A

a series of laws that controlled trade and shipping between Great Britain and the American Colonies

26
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

Founding Father. Invented bifocals, the Franklin stove, the lightning rod, and the swivel chair. An early campaigner for American unity, he served as the first U.S. Ambassador to France (1776–1785). Signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Died 1790 at age 84

27
Q

Enlightenment

A

intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe, especially Western Europe, in the 17th and 18th centuries

28
Q

Braddock’s Blunder

A

To increase his speed, Braddock made the fatal mistake of splitting up his troops. As Braddock and the first of his troops approached Fort Duquesne, the French and allied Indians attacked. Braddock and more than half of the 1,200 British men with him died. The remaining soldiers retreated

29
Q

French and Indian war

A

The French and Indian War was a theater of the Seven Years’ War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes

30
Q

proclamation of 1763

A

followed the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the Seven Years’ War and transferred French territory in North America to Great Britain

31
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

swap of Old and New World germs, animals, plants, peoples, and cultures

32
Q

Atlantic slave trade

A

transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The outfitted European slave ships of the slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage

33
Q

tobacco

A

the lifeblood of the early Southern colonies, and its profits led directly to the rapid growth of slavery in the new nation

34
Q

Chesapeake

A

the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Province of Maryland, later Maryland,

35
Q

William Penn

A

English writer, religious thinker, and influential Quaker who founded the Province of Pennsylvania

36
Q

visible saints

A

A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God

37
Q

slavery in the colonies

A

In the mid-Atlantic colonies like Virginia, enslaved people made up closer to 50% of the population by the mid-18th century. Worked primarily in plantations

38
Q

colonial populations

A

The colonial population grew from about 2,000 to 2.4 million between 1625 and 1775, displacing Native Americans. This population included people subject to a system of slavery

39
Q

Roger Williams

A

English-born New England Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island

40
Q

John calvin

A

French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation

41
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay

42
Q

Middle Colonies

A

subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America, located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies

43
Q

John Winthrop

A

English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, led the first large wave of colonists from England in 1630 and served as governor

44
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

the unofficial British policy of lenient or lax enforcement of parliamentary laws regarding the American colonies

45
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

a set of rules for self-governance established by the English settlers who traveled to the New World on the Mayflower

46
Q

Maryland

A

English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776

47
Q

women in colonial society

A

colonial women were homemakers who cooked meals, made clothing, and doctored their family as well as cleaned, made household goods to use and sell, took care of their animals, maintained a cook fire and tended the kitchen gardens

48
Q

New england confederation

A

confederal alliance of the New England colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Saybrook, and New Haven

49
Q

headrights

A

a legal grant of land given to settlers during the period of European colonization in the Americas

50
Q

Salem witch trials

A

series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts

51
Q

Molasses Act of 1733

A

a British law that imposed a tax on molasses, sugar, and rum imported from non-British foreign colonies into the North American colonies

52
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

American revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist theologian. A leading figure of the American Enlightenment

53
Q

New France

A

territory colonized by France in North America

54
Q

John Locke

A

English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the “father of liberalism”

55
Q

War of Jenkin’s Ear

A

Spanish sailors boarded the British brig Rebecca off the coast of Cuba and sliced off the left ear of its captain, Robert Jenkins. This traumatic auriculectomy was used as a pretext by the British to declare war on Spain in 1739

56
Q

Republicanism

A

ideology of governing the nation as a republic, where the head of state is not appointed through hereditary means, but usually through an election

57
Q

acts of taxation in the colonies

A

The Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, and Intolerable Acts

AP US History (1 decks)

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