Surface Access

Question 1

What market based instruments can be used to reduce/manage private car use?

Answer 1

1) parking charges

2) road user charing

Question 2

What non-market based command and control instruments can be used to reduce/manage private car use?

Answer 2

1) parking restraint (reduced provision of parking)
2) physical restraint on traffic (car ban)
3) accessible park and ride schemes
4) car sharing schemes
5) alter the balance of short and long stay parking

Question 3

What effects happen when long term parking capacity at an airport is reduced?

Answer 3

1) an increase in kiss-and-fly (four journeys made instead of two)
2) over-spill parking on local roads around the airport

Question 4

What issues would employees face if the use of the private car had to be restricted?

Answer 4

1) the nature of shift patterns at airports starting and finishing at times when public transport are in operation make PUT an unviable option
2) car-sharing schemes are not feasible for airport employees when arrival and departure times of aircraft are not guaranteed

Question 5

What three market based instruments can be used to promote public transport use?

Answer 5

1) subsidising fares
2) through/integrated ticketing
3) concessionary fares

Question 6

What seven non-market based command and control instruments can be utilised to encourage public transport use?

Answer 6

1) improved accessibility (rail, light rail, rapid bus)
2) enhanced local bus provision
3) reallocation of public road space to public transport in the form of bus lanes (eg, LHR M4)
4) improved marketing
5) wider availability of real-time information and journey planning tools
6) taxi sharing schemes (eg, Über Pool)
7) co-ordination of timetables to optimised connections

Question 7

What problem do rural and smaller airports typically face when trying to encourage public transport use?

Answer 7

The lack of public transport actually available.

Lower passenger numbers make a comprehensive transport service to the airport less commercially attractive for operators unless a subsidy is offered.

Question 8

What is critical in terms of surface access for airports which heavily rely on short haul business travel with short check-in times?

Answer 8

Reliable and fast public transport with minimal transfer time and distance from public transport stop to the terminal building.