Topic 1.1: Synovial Joints Flashcards
1
Q
What is a joint?
A
A joint occurs when two or more bones articulate
2
Q
What types of joints are there?
A
- Synovial
- Cartilaginous
- Fiberious
3
Q
Synovial Joint
A
- Most commonly occured joints
- Free movement in one or more planes
- Most important for mortility
4
Q
Fiberous joint
A
- Thin layer of fibrous tissue connecting the edges of two bones
- Continuous with periosteum
- No movement allowed at these joints
5
Q
Cartilaginous joint
A
- Bones seperated by fibrocartilage disc or thick layer of hyaline cartilage
- Limited movement allowed
6
Q
Structure of a synovial joint
A
7
Q
What are the 6 types of synovial joint?
A
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Ball & Socket
- Ellipsoid
- Saddle
- Plane
8
Q
Hinge joint
A
- Allows movement on only 1 axis
- Allows FLEXION and EXTENSION
- For example: a door can only open and close/ elbow joint
8
Q
Pivot joint
A
- Only allow rotation
- Rotates along the long axis
- Have a ring of bone that fits over a bone protrusion, around which it can rotate
- Pronation and Supination
- For example:
- During pronation, the radius rotates over the ulna
9
Q
Ball & Socket joint
A
- Rounded end of one bone fits inside a cup-shaped ending on another bone
- Allows to move in all axis
- Most mobile joint
- Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Rotation/Circumduction
- Example = Shoulder and hip joint
9
Q
Condyloid joint
A
- Similar to “Ball & Socket”, but instead of a round head, it is oval
- Can only rotate on 2 axis
- Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction, Circumduction
- The oval head can also slides inside the socket
- Example = Wrist joint/Radiocarpal joing
9
Q
Saddle joint
A
- Similar to Ellipsoid joint
- Both bone has a concave and convex surface
- Convex = surface sticks out, like a hill
- Concave = surface curves in, like a hole or a cave
- The concave plane of one, fit onto the convex plane of the other
- Flex/Extend, Adduct/Abduct, Circumduct, and very slightly Rotate
- Example = Thumb joint
9
Q
Plane joint
A
- Two flat surface, one on top of another
- Can glide or rotate
- Often comes in group and ligaments hold the bones together
- Example = Carpals on the hand
10
Q
Whats in the Synovial Joint?
A
Synovial (joint) cavity, Bursa, Joint (articular) capsule, Synovial (membrane) lining, ligament, articular cartilage, synovial fluid
11
Q
Synovial (joint) cavity
A
- Space between the bone
- Contains synovial fluid
18
Q
Bone Structure
A
Limit to articular cartilage, synovial membrane,
synovial fluid, bursae, meniscus, ligaments and
articular capsule.
