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ASC 325 > synpase & neurotransmitters > Flashcards

synpase & neurotransmitters Flashcards

0
Q

pre-synaptic neuron

A

axon

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1
Q

contact between a neuron and another neuron or its effector cell

A

synapse

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2
Q

post-synaptic neuron

A

dendrite or cell body

OR

cell (ex: muscle)

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3
Q

cells are separated by what in synpases

A

synaptic cleft

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4
Q

the predominant type of synapses

A

chemical synapses

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5
Q

chemical synapses is __directional

A

unidirectional

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6
Q

true or false. chemical synapses uses neurotransmitters

A

true

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7
Q

the properties of a chemical synapse scan be changed by the ____ of a neuron

A

metabolism

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8
Q

4 criteria of a neurotransmitter (NT)

A
  1. must be present in pre-synaptic terminal
  2. released upon stimulation
  3. NT in extracellular fluid must yield same response as synaptic event
  4. a removal mechanism must exist
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9
Q

NT active for short period of time b/c of what 3 things

A

enzymatic destruction
re-uptake
extracellular peptidase digestion

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10
Q

directly alter membrane permeability….ionotropic or metabotropic

A

ionotropic

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11
Q

ionotropic/metabotropic…..which is slow and which is fast

A 
ionotropic = fast
metabotropic = slow
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12
Q

produces a metabolic change in post-synaptic cell….ionotrpoic or metabotropic

A

metabotropic

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13
Q

basic overview of chemical synapses

A
  • NT released into synaptic cleft

- binds receptor on post-synaptic effector & alters post-synaptic cell function

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14
Q

where is the NT synthesized

A

pre-synaptic cell

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15
Q

NT requires what 2 things

A
  • membrane depolarization

- calcium influx

16
Q

NT release involves what type of channels

A

voltage-gated calcium channels

17
Q

Ca2+ influx into cytosol triggers what

A

exocytosis of vescicles

- vesicles fuse to plasma membrane 
- NT released into synaptic cleft
18
Q

ligand gated channels (4 characteristics)

A
  1. synaptic transmission
  2. permeability depends on NT binding
  3. located on cell body and dendrites
  4. potentials are graded & spread decrementally
19
Q

voltage-gated channels (4 characteristics)

A
  1. action potential generation
  2. NT release
  3. permeability dependent on M.P.
  4. potentials are “all or nothing” and propagated
20
Q

synaptic potentials occur in ____

A

ionotropic synapses

21
Q

inhibitory vs. excitory

A

inhibitory: hyperpolarizes (makes more than resting)
excitory: depolarizes (makes less than resting)

22
Q

single nerve stimulated in rapid succession

A

temporal summation

23
Q

several pre-synaptic neurons acting on same post-synaptic neuron stimulated simultaneously

A

spatial summation

24
Q

whether or not an action potential is generated depends on:

A
  1. spatial or temporal summation

2. proximity of synapse to axon hillock

25
Q

further from axon hillock, ____ PSP is degraded

A

more

26
Q

synapse within cell body = closer to hillock = more influence

A

axosomatic

27
Q

synapse with dendrite = farther from hillock = less influence

A

axodendritic

28
Q

sum of all ion currents flowing through channels at once

A

synaptic current

29
Q

4 properties of a fast ionotropic receptor

A
  1. channel opening is all or nothing
  2. channel opening depends on NT concentration (more NT=more opening)
  3. current flowing through channels contributes to neuron’s PSP
  4. currents through all channels can be summated (can add to each other or cancel each other out)
30
Q

synpase between neuron & skeletal muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular EPSP

31
Q

each motor neuron action potential causes a large EPSP in the muscle

A

relay synapse

32
Q

a NT that:

  • binds to a ligand-gated Na+/K+ membrane channel
  • increases membrane permeability to Na+ and K+
  • depolarizes membrane
  • makes Na+ flow in more quickly than K+ flows out
A

acetylcholine

33
Q

fast EPSP that is small in magnitude but results in membrane depolarization due to ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels

A

Type 1 synapse

34
Q

neurotransmitters in Type 1 synapse

A

glutamate

35
Q

type 1 synapse needs what?

A

summation

36
Q

slow IPSP that is inhibitory and involves opening of ligand-gated chloride channels

A

type 2 synapse

37
Q

neurotransmitters in type 2 synapse

A

GABA, glycine

ASC 325 (5 decks)

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